SEO for restoration companies near Legacy Salmon Creek Hospital powered by Water Mitigation AI

In the bustling world of digital marketing, SEO (Search Engine Optimization) has become a cornerstone for businesses aiming to enhance their online presence. Restoration businesses in West Minnehaha rank higher with SEO from Water Mitigation AI . For restoration companies near Legacy Salmon Creek Hospital, leveraging SEO can make a significant difference in reaching more customers, especially when powered by innovative tools like Water Mitigation AI.


Lets dive into why SEO is crucial for restoration companies in this region. First off, proximity to a prominent location like Legacy Salmon Creek Hospital offers a unique advantage. People often search for services nearby, especially in emergencies. By optimizing their websites for local search terms, these companies can ensure they appear prominently when potential customers type in search queries like "restoration services near me" or "restoration company near Legacy Salmon Creek Hospital." If youre not optimizing for these local keywords, youre probably missing out on a chunk of potential business.


Now, where does Water Mitigation AI come into play? This advanced technology can significantly enhance the SEO strategy for these companies. By analyzing data and trends, the AI can suggest the most effective keywords and strategies tailored to the specific needs of restoration services. Its not just about throwing random keywords onto a webpage (that's not gonna work!) but about understanding what potential clients are searching for and how to present that information effectively.


However, SEO isnt just about keywords. Its a holistic approach that also involves improving website structure, enhancing user experience, and ensuring that content is relevant and engaging.

SEO for restoration companies near Legacy Salmon Creek Hospital powered by Water Mitigation AI - * Vancouver WA digital marketing

  • * Waterfront
Restoration companies need to ensure their websites load quickly and are mobile-friendly, as many searches are conducted on mobile devices these days. No one likes waiting for a slow website to load, especially when theyre dealing with a crisis like water damage.


Moreover, engaging content that answers common questions or provides valuable tips can position a company as an authority in the restoration field. By integrating blogs or FAQs that address common issues related to water damage or restoration, companies can keep visitors on their site longer (which is a good thing for SEO!).


But hey, lets not forget about the power of reviews and testimonials. Encouraging satisfied customers to leave positive reviews can greatly enhance a companys online reputation.

SEO for restoration companies near Legacy Salmon Creek Hospital powered by Water Mitigation AI - * Vancouver WA digital marketing

  1. 2. AI-powered SEO for water damage contractors
  2. 27. SEO services near Vancouver WA for restoration companies
Search engines tend to favor businesses with good reviews, and potential customers are more likely to trust a company with a solid track record.


One might think, "Oh, SEO sounds too complicated!" but its not something restoration companies should shy away from. With tools like Water Mitigation AI, the process becomes more manageable and effective. Its not about doing everything at once but taking gradual steps towards building a stronger online presence.


In conclusion, for restoration companies near Legacy Salmon Creek Hospital, SEO powered by Water Mitigation AI is not just an option-its a necessity! By focusing on local optimization, leveraging advanced technology, and enhancing their overall online strategy, these companies can ensure theyre not just surviving but thriving in a competitive market. So, if youre part of a restoration company, its high time to embrace the potential of SEO and take your business to new heights.

 

Portland skyline at twilight

Portland is a port city in the U.S. state of Oregon located at the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia Rivers. Established in the 1830s as a camp along the Oregon Trail, Portland evolved into a major West Coast industrial city during the twentieth century. Contemporarily, it is the most populous city in Oregon, and the second-largest city in the Pacific Northwest.[1]

This list of notable people includes persons who were either born in, are current residents of, or have lived in Portland. A person who lives in or comes from Portland, Oregon is called a Portlander.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

A

[edit]
Rachel Ames, actress
Person Lifespan Notability Born Ref.
Bruce Abbott 1954– Actor Yes  
Alvin P. Adams, Jr. 1942–2015 Diplomat Yes [2]
Arthur Adams 1963– Comic book artist No [3]
Sam Adams 1963– Former mayor of Portland No [4]
Obo Addy 1936–2012 Musician No [5]
Brad Adkins 1973– Artist No [6]
Jerome Alden 1921–1997 Playwright, screenwriter Yes [7]
Pauline Alderman 1893–1983 Musicologist, composer No [8]
Art Alexakis 1962– Musician No [9]
James H. Allen 1928–2015 Clown, author Yes [10]
Laura Allen 1974– Actress Yes [11]
Goli Ameri 1956– Diplomat, businesswoman No [12]
Rachel Ames 1929– Actress Yes [13]
Bob Amsberry 1928–1957 Actor Yes [14]
Larry Andersen 1953– Major League Baseball player Yes [15]
Marian Anderson 1897–1993 Singer No [16]
Marisa Anderson   Musician No [17]
Signe Toly Anderson 1941–2016 Singer No [18]
Debra Arlyn 1986– Singer-songwriter No [19]
Arledge Armenaki 1949– Cinematographer Yes [20]
Garner Ted Armstrong 1930–2003 Televangelist Yes [21]
Hal Ashby 1929–1988 Film director and editor No [22]
Victor G. Atiyeh 1923–2014 32nd governor of Oregon Yes [23]
Ray Atkeson 1907–1990 Photographer No [24]
George H. Atkinson 1819–1889 Missionary No [25]
Jean M. Auel 1936– Author No [26]
Thomas J. Autzen 1888–1958 Plywood manufacturing innovator No [27]

B

[edit]
James Beard, food expert
Mel Blanc, voice actor
Peter Buck, lead guitarist of R.E.M.
Louise Bryant, journalist
  Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
  Preston Bailey 2000– Actor Yes [28]
  Terry Baker 1941– Attorney, athlete No [29]
  Brenda Bakke 1963– Actress No [30]
  Ireland Baldwin 1995– Model No [31]
  Lola Baldwin 1860–1957 One of first policewomen in the United States No [32]
  Lance Bangs 1972– Filmmaker No  
  Daniel E. Barbey 1989-1969 U.S. Navy admiral Yes [33]
  Art Barr 1966–1994 Professional wrestler Yes [34]
  Willie Barrow 1924–2015 Civil rights activist No [35]
  Blanche Bates 1873–1941 Actress Yes [36]
  Peter Baum 1990– Lacrosse player No [37]
  Scott Beach 1931–1996 Actor Yes [38]
  James Beard 1903–1985 Food expert Yes  
  Jona Bechtolt 1980– Musician No [39]
  Larry Bell 1923–1986 Football player Yes  
  Pietro Belluschi 1899–1994 Architect No [40]
  Scott Benedetti 1966– Soccer player Yes [41]
  John Virginius Bennes 1867–1943 Architect No [42]
  Simon Benson 1852–1942 Philanthropist, logger No [43]
  Becca Bernstein 1977– Artist No  
  Boston Billups 2005– Soccer player Yes [44]
  Marion Blackburn 1939–2025 Entrepreneur and tennis professional No [45]
  Mel Blanc 1908–1989 Voice actor No  
  Lance Blankenship 1963– Major League Baseball player, World Series champion Yes  
  M. Blash 1978– Filmmaker No [46]
  Sheila Bleck 1974– Bodybuilder Yes  
  Rachel Blumberg 1969– Drummer Yes [47]
  Earl Blumenauer 1948– Democratic U.S. representative Yes  
  Wally Boag 1920–2011 Actor Yes  
  William H. Boring 1841–1932 Union soldier, founder of Boring, Oregon No [48]
  Chris Botti 1962– Composer, trumpeter Yes  
  Terrell Brandon 1970– NBA all-star Yes  
  Matt Braunger 1974– Standup comedian No [49]
  Thom Bray 1954– Actor No  
  Isaac Brock 1975– Singer, frontman of Modest Mouse No  
  David Brooks 1915–1999 Actor Yes [50]
  Chuck Bown 1954– NASCAR racer Yes  
  Jim Bown 1960– NASCAR racer Yes  
  Chris Brown 1977– Soccer player Yes [51]
  Cindy Brown 1965– Professional basketball player Yes [52]
  Mel Brown 1944– Jazz drummer Yes  
  Melville W. Brown 1887–1938 Silent film director Yes [53]
  Tiffany Lee Brown   Writer, editor No  
  Carrie Brownstein 1974– Musician, actor No [54]
  Agnes Bruckner 1985– Actress No [55]
  Monique de Bruin 1977– Retired fencer Yes [56]
  Louise Bryant 1885–1936 Journalist, writer No  
  Dean F. Bryson 1910–1995 Politician, lawyer Yes [57]
  Peter Buck 1956– Guitarist of R.E.M. No [58]
  Jack Buetel 1915–1989 Actor No [59]
  Barbara Buono 1953– Politician No [60]
  Geraldine Bureker 1924–2009 All-American girls professional baseball player Yes  
  Helen Burgess 1916–1937 Actress Yes [61]
  Kevin Burke 1950- Musician, master Irish fiddler No
  Doris Burn 1923–2011 Children's author, illustrator Yes [62]
  Mabel Byrd 1895–1988 Civil rights activist; first African-American to attend the University of Oregon No [63]

C

[edit]
Jean Carmen, actress
Margaret Carter, politician
Clive Charles, English-born soccer player and coach
Gretchen Corbett, actress
Ann Curry, journalist
Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
John Callahan 1951–2010 Cartoonist Yes  
Cathy Camper   Artist, author No  
Dirk Carlson 1998– Soccer player; represented Luxembourg Yes [64]
Jean Carmen 1913–1993 Actress Yes [65]
Jewel Carmen 1897–1984 Actress Yes [66]
Cletis Carr 1959– Musician Yes  
John Francis Carroll 1858–1917 Publisher No [67]
Margaret Carter 1935– Politician No [68]
Sandra Cassel 1952– Actress, acting coach No [69]
Michael Cassidy 1983– Actor Yes [11]
Mark Chamberlin 1955–2011 Actor Yes [70]
Erin Chambers 1979– Actress Yes  
William W. Chapman 1808–1892 Politician, lawyer No [71]
Walter Chappell 1925–2000 Photographer Yes [72]
Clive Charles 1951–2003 British soccer player, coach No [73]
Trevor Chowning 1972- Pop artist No  
Janet Chvatal 1964– Classical soprano, director Yes  
Bernice Claire 1906–2003 Actress, singer No [74]
Jillian Clare 1992– Actress Yes [75]
Beverly Cleary 1916–2021 Author No  
Brad Cloepfil 1956– Architect Yes  
Michelle Clunie 1969– Actress Yes [11]
Ryan Cochrane 1983– Soccer player Yes [76]
Henry Waldo Coe 1857–1927 Physician, politician No  
Scott Coffey 1967– Filmmaker, actor No [77]
Stephen Coffin 1807–1882 Investor, militia officer No [78]
Marissa Coleman 1987– WNBA player Yes [79]

Harvey Collins

 1925-1957 Serial killer Yes  

Monte Collins

 1898–1951 Actor, director No [80]
Booth Colman 1923–2014 Actor Yes [81]
Santo Condorelli 1995– Olympic swimmer No [82]
Paul Conway 1970– Soccer player Yes [83]
Donald Cook 1901–1961 Actor Yes [84]
Cool Nutz 1972– Rapper, entertainer and radio personality Yes  
Barbara Coombs 1947– President of Compassion & Choices No  
Colleen Coover 1969– Comic artist Yes  
Alfred H. Corbett 1915–2000 Attorney, politician Yes [85]
Gretchen Corbett 1947– Actress Yes [86]
Henry W. Corbett 1827–1903 Industrialist, U.S. senator No  
Judy Cornell 1933–2021 Olympic swimmer Yes [52]
Robert Cornthwaite 1917–2006 Actor No [87]
John H. Couch 1811–1870 Sea captain, co-founder of Portland No [88]
Lucy Covington 1910–1982 Political activist No [89]
Colin Cowherd 1963– Sports media host No [90]
Joseph Buford Cox 1905–2002 Entrepreneur, inventor of chainsaw chain Yes [91]
Tom Cramer 1960– Artist Yes [92]
Larry Crane   Publisher of Tape Op No  
Ryan Crouser 1992– Olympic shot putter and discus thrower Yes [93]
Dan Cunneen 1963– Musician Yes  
Imogen Cunningham 1883–1976 Photographer Yes [94]
Ward Cunningham 1949– Inventor of wiki No  
Zamah Cunningham 1892–1967 Actress Yes [95]
Ann Curry 1956– Journalist No [96]
Michael Curry 1967– Costume and puppet designer No [97]
Walt Curtis 1941– Poet, novelist Yes  

D

[edit]
Aminé Daniel, rapper
Beth Ditto, singer
Abigail Scott Duniway, suffragist
Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
Florence Dagmar 1895–1986 Actress Yes  
Arthur Dake 1910–2000 Chess Grandmaster Yes [98]
Adam Aminé Daniel 1994– Rapper, musician Yes [99]
Britt Daniel 1971– Musician, vocalist of Spoon No  
George Dantzig 1914—2005 Mathematical scientist Yes [100]
Darcelle XV 1930–2023 Drag performer No [101]
Walt Dawson 1982– Political lobbyist Yes  
Valerie Day 1959– Singer Yes  
Burchard DeBusk 1877–1937 Academic No [102]
Kelly Sue DeConnick 1970– Comic writer No  
David DeCoteau 1962– Filmmaker Yes [103]
Kate Deines 1982– Professional soccer players Yes [104]
Paul deLay 1952–2007 Blues harmonica player Yes  
Albert H. Densmore 1946– Businessman, state representative Yes  
James DePriest 1936–2013 Director emeritus of orchestral studies at Juilliard School; director of Oregon Symphony No [105]
Jennifer Devine 1968– Olympic rower Yes [52]
Yassine Diboun 1978– Ultrarunner No  
Matthew Dickman 1975– Poet Yes  
Richard Diebenkorn 1922–1993 Painter Yes  
Aaron Director 1901–2004 Law professor at University of Chicago No [106]
Beth Ditto 1981– Singer-songwriter of Gossip No  
Juan Dixon 1978– Basketball player, Portland Trail Blazers No  
Robyn Dixon 1979– Reality TV personality No  
Michael Doleac 1977– NBA player No  
Lee Dorsey 1924–1986 R&B singer No [107]
Sarah Dougher 1967– Singer-songwriter No [108]
Linda Douglas 1928–2017 Actress, wife of Hank Greenberg Yes [109]
Helen Savier DuMond 1872–1968 Painter, sculptor, and teacher; wife of Frank DuMond Yes [110]
Abigail Scott Duniway 1834–1915 Suffragist No [111]
Mike Dunleavy Jr. 1980– NBA player No [112]
Katherine Dunn 1945–2016 Author No [113]

E

[edit]
Ashton Eaton, decathlete
Marie Equi, physician
Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
Ron East 1943– NFL player, coach Yes  
Ashton Eaton 1988– Decathlete Yes  
Jonah Edelman 1970– CEO of Stand for Children No  
Dick Egan 1884–1947 Baseball player Yes  
Jim Elkins 1901–1968 Crime boss No [114]
Sam Elliott 1944– Actor No [112]
Carson Ellis 1975– Illustrator No  
Jack Ely 1943–2015 Musician of The Kingsmen Yes [115]
Rick Emerson 1973– Radio personality No  
Douglas Engelbart 1925–2013 Inventor of computer mouse Yes [116]
Marie Equi 1872–1952 Physician, anarchist No [117]
Winfield Ervin, Jr. 1902–1985 Politician, mayor of Anchorage, Alaska Yes [118]
Ellen Estes 1978– Olympic silver medalist in water polo Yes [52]
Christopher Evans 1847–1917 Train robber No  
Sarah A. Evans 1854–1940 Suffragist No  
Steven Evans 1991– Soccer player Yes  
John R. Everett 1918–1992 First chancellor of City University of New York; president of the New School for Social Research Yes [119]
Neil Everett 1962– Sportscaster Yes [120]
Tom Everett 1948– Actor Yes [121]

F

[edit]
Amparito Farrar, soprano concert singer
Todd Field, actor and filmmaker
Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
Henry Failing 1834–1898 Banker, politician No [122]
Amparito Farrar 1893–1989 Soprano concert singer Yes [123]
Jack Faust 1932– Attorney, broadcaster Yes  
David Feldberg   World champion disc golfer Yes  
Shirley Adele Field 1923–1995 Legislator, judge No [124]
Todd Field 1964– Actor, filmmaker No [125]
Brad Fitzpatrick 1980– Creator of LiveJournal No  
Harrell Fletcher 1967– Artist No  
Lisa Foiles 1986– Actress Yes [126]
Dick Fosbury 1947–2023 High jumper Yes [127]
William Trufant Foster 1879–1950 Economist, first president of Reed College No [128]
Matt Fraction 1975– Comic writer No [129]
Alma Francis 1890–1968 Actress, singer Yes [130]
Abigail Keasey Frankel –1931 Civic worker No [131]
Boaz Frankel 1982– Host of Clips & Quips Yes  
Nell Franzen 1889–1973 Actress Yes  
Amy Freeze 1974– Meteorologist, WABC-TV New York No [132]
Alex Frost 1987– Actor Yes  
C. Gordon Fullerton 1936–2013 Astronaut, member of Astronaut Hall of Fame Yes  
Ron Funches 1983– Standup comedian No [133]
Elizabeth Furse 1936–2021 U.S. congresswoman No  

G

[edit]
Clark Gable, actor
Geretta Geretta, actress
Gloria Grey, actress
Woody Guthrie, singer-songwriter
Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
Clark Gable 1901–1960 Actor No [134]
Rocky Gale 1988– Major League Baseball player Yes [135]
Ben Gardner 1990– NFL player Yes [136]
Paul Gaustad 1982– National Hockey League player No [137]
Geretta Geretta 1958– Actress Yes [138]
Florence Holmes Gerke 1896–1964 Landscape architect Yes [139]
Robert L. Ghormley 1883–1958 Naval officer Yes [140]
Paul Gilbert 1966– Musician No [141]
Cole Gillespie 1984– Baseball player Yes [142]
Gary Gilmore 1940–1977 First person executed in U.S. after reinstatement of capital punishment No [143]
Madeline Gleason 1903–1979 Poet, dramatist No [144]
Russell Gleason 1908–1945 Actor Yes [145]
Harry Glickman 1924-2020 Founder of the Portland Trail Blazers Yes [146]
Rodney Glisan 1827–1890 U.S. Army surgeon No [147]
Molly Gloss 1944– Author Yes [148]
Karl Glusman 1988– Actor No [149]
Jacob Golden 1970s– Musician No [150]
Hilda Goldblatt Gorenstein 1905–1988 Artist No [151]
Brandon Gonzáles 1984– Professional boxer Yes [152]
Louis S. Goodman 1906–2000 Pharmacologist, pioneer of chemotherapy Yes [153]
Aaron Goodwin 1976– Photographer, cameraman of Ghost Adventures Yes [154]
Avel Gordly 1947– First African-American woman elected to Oregon State Senate Yes [155]
Joe Gordon 1915–1978 Baseball player No  
Kara Goucher 1978– Olympic long-distance runner No [156]
Jessie Coles Grayson 1886–1953 Actress No [157]
Gary Graver 1938–2006 Cinematographer Yes [158]
A.C. Green 1963– Retired NBA champion Yes [159]
Edith Green 1910–1987 Politician No [160]
Harrison Greene 1884–1945 Actor Yes [161]
Jim Grelle 1936–2020 Olympic middle-distance runner Yes [162]
Gloria Grey 1909–1947 Actress Yes [163]
Matt Groening 1954– Animator, creator of The Simpsons and Futurama Yes [164]
Woody Guthrie 1912–1955 Folk singer-songwriter No [165]

H

[edit]
Creed C. Hammond, U.S. Army major general
Kathleen Hanna, musician and feminist
Margaux Hemingway, model and actress
Christina Hendricks, actress
Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
Kevin Hagen 1928–2005 Actor No [166]
Ancer L. Haggerty 1944– U.S. federal judge Yes [167]
Swede Halbrook 1933–1988 NBA player Yes [168]
Sally Haley 1908–2007 Painter No [169]
Creed C. Hammond 1874–1940 Major general and chief of the National Guard Bureau No  
Max Handelman 1973– Sportswriter, film producer Yes [170]
Kathleen Hanna 1968– Singer-songwriter (Bikini Kill, Le Tigre) Yes [171]
Julia Butler Hansen 1907–1988 Politician Yes [172]
Tonya Harding 1970– U.S. national champion and Olympic figure skater Yes [173]
Katie Harman 1980– Miss America 2002 Yes [174]
Joey Harrington 1978– NFL quarterback Yes  
Nate Harris 1983– NFL linebacker No  
Bret Harrison 1982– Actor Yes [11]
Lou Harrison 1917–2003 Composer Yes  
Michael Allen Harrison   Musician Yes  
Larry Harvey 1948–2018 Artist, founder of Burning Man No [175]
Lew Harvey 1887–1953 Actor No [176]
Byron Haskin 1899–1984 Filmmaker Yes  
F. W. Hastings 1848–1935 Politician Yes [177]
Steve Havelka   Creator of Pokey the Penguin Yes  
James C. Hawthorne 1819–1881 Physician, co-founder of Oregon Hospital for the Insane No [178]
Ernest Haycox 1899–1950 Writer Yes [179]
Carey Hayes 1961– Screenwriter Yes  
Chad Hayes 1961– Screenwriter Yes  
Todd Haynes 1961– Filmmaker No [180]
Dana Heitman 1966– Musician Yes  
Susan Helms 1958– Astronaut No  
Margaux Hemingway 1954–1996 Model, actress; granddaughter of Ernest Hemingway Yes [181]
Christina Hendricks 1975– Actress No [182]
Frank Herbert 1920–1986 Writer, journalist No [183]
Joe Hill 1879–1915 Labor activist No  
Jan Hoag 1948– Actress Yes [184]
Judi Hofer 1940–2013 Businessperson Yes  
Portland Hoffa 1905–1990 Radio host, actress Yes [185]
Stewart Holbrook 1893–1964 Author, artist No [186]
Ben Holladay 1819–1897 Transportation mogul No [187]
Matt Hollywood 1973– Musician No  
Frederick Holman 1852–1927 Lawyer No [188]
Peter Holmström   Musician Yes [189]
Kyron Horman 2002– Missing person Yes [190]
Michael Hornburg 1960– Author No [191]
Hal E. Hoss 1892–1934 Journalist Yes [192]
Bill Hudson 1949– Musician, father of Oliver and Kate Hudson Yes [193]
Brett Hudson 1953– Musician, television producer Yes [194]
Mark Hudson 1951– Musician, record producer Yes [194]
Charlie Huhn 1951– Musician Yes [195]
Cooper Hummel 1994– Major League Baseball player Yes  
William Hurt 1950–2022 Actor No [196]

I

[edit]
Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
Illmaculate 1986– Hip hop musician Yes  
ILoveMakonnen 1989– Hip hop musician No  
Dan Ireland 1949–2016 Filmmaker Yes [197]
Mary Frances Isom 1865–1920 Librarian, founder of Oregon Library Association No [198]
Kirk Vernström Iverson born ? Inventor, writer, producer, media executive, investor and financier Yes [199]

J

[edit]
Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
Peter Jacobsen 1954– Pro-golfer Yes  
Clayton Jacobson II 1933–2022 Creator of jet ski Yes  
Evan Jager 1989– Distance runner No [200]
Jeff Jahn 1970– Art critic, historian, and curator No [201]
Cathy Jamison 1950– Olympic swimmer Yes [52]
Gary Jarman 1980– Musician No  
Maxine Jennings 1909–1991 Actress Yes [202]
Ethel Jewett 1877–1944 Actress Yes [203]
Steve Jobs 1955–2011 Creator, founder of Apple No [204]
Chris Johanson 1968– Painter No [205]
Syl Johnson 1900–1985 Major League Baseball player Yes  
Fred Jones 1979– NBA All-Star Slam Dunk Champion Yes  
Scott Jones 1966– NFL offensive guard Yes  
Terrence Jones 1992– NBA player Yes  
Greg Joy 1956– High jumper Yes  
Miranda July 1974– Filmmaker, performance artist No [206]

K

[edit]
A. Thomas Kraabel, classics and Jewish history scholar
Franklin F. Korell, U.S. congressman
Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
Louis Kaufman 1905–1944 Violinist Yes [207]
Daniel Kaven 1977– Architect, artist No [208]
Gabe Kennedy 1990– Chef, entrepreneur Yes [209]
Lisa Kennedy 1972– Political commentator No [210]
Robert E. Kennedy 1914–2010 Professor, president of California Polytechnic State University Yes [211]
Shell Kepler 1958–2008 Actress No [212]
Cecil Kern 1883–1928 Actress Yes [213]
Maude Kerns 1876–1965 Avant-garde artist Yes [214]
Albertina Kerr 1890–1911 Heiress to Kerr Glass Company Yes [215]
Donald M. Kerr 1946–2015 Wildlife biologist, conservationist Yes [216]
William Jasper Kerr 1863–1947 Academic, first chancellor of Oregon University System No [217]
Nitin Khanna 1975– Founder and CEO of MergerTech No  
Brian Kidd 1983– Unicyclist known as the Unipiper No [218]
James Kilgore 1947– Activist, author Yes  
Wright King 1923–2018 Actor No  
Zach King 1990– YouTube personality Yes [219]
Phil Knight 1938– Co-founder of Nike, Inc. Yes [220]
William W. Knight 1909–1981 Publisher No [221]
Terence Knox 1946– Actor Yes [222]
Franklin F. Korell 1889–1965 Politician Yes [223]
A. Thomas Kraabel 1934–2016 Classics and Jewish history scholar Yes [224]
LaVerne Krause 1924–1987 Printmaker Yes [225]
Jane Kurtz 1952– Author Yes  
Taya Kyle 1974– Author, activist; wife of Chris Kyle Yes [226]

L

[edit]
Barbara La Marr, actress
Ray Lampkin, boxer
Hazel Ying Lee, pilot
Courtney Love, musician and actress
Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
Barbara La Marr 1896–1926 Actress No [227]
William S. Ladd 1826–1893 Businessman, industrialist No  
Mary Catherine Lamb 1949–2009 Textile artist No  
Ray Lampkin 1948– Retired professional boxer Yes  
Ben Hur Lampman 1896–1954 Editor, Oregon poet laureate Yes  
Cowboy Lang 1950–2007 Midget professional wrestler No  
k.d. lang 1961– Singer-songwriter No [228]
Harry Lane 1855–1917 Politician, physician No [229]
  •  
Storm Large 1969– Musician No [230]
Earle Larrimore 1899–1947 Actor Yes [231]
Lars Larson 1959– Conservative talk radio host No  
Matt Lattanzi 1959– Actor; ex-husband of Olivia Newton-John Yes [11]
Thomas Lauderdale 1970– Musician (Pink Martini) No  
Preacher Lawson 1991– Comedian Yes [232]
Edgar M. Lazarus 1868–1939 Architect No [233]
Ursula K. Le Guin 1929–2018 Author No  
Agnes Brand Leahy 1893–1943 Screenwriter Yes [234]
Clara Elizabeth Chan Lee 1886–1993 First Chinese American woman registered to vote Yes [235]
Hazel Ying Lee 1912–1944 First Chinese-American female military pilot Yes [236]
Marc Alan Lee 1978–2006 United States Navy SEAL Yes [237]
Barbara Lekberg 1925–2018 Artist, sculptor Yes [238]
Ion Lewis 1853–1923 Architect No [239]
Jack Lewis 1964– Author Yes [240]
Norman Leyden 1917–2014 Conductor, clarinetist No [241]
Carl L. Linde 1864–1945 German American architect No [242]
Ben Linder 1959–1987 Engineer No [243]
Brian Lindstrom 1961– Documentarian Yes [244]
Albert Littlefield   First professional abortion provider in Portland No  
Fred Lockley 1871–1958 Journalist No [245]
Jeanette Loff 1906–1942 Actress No [246]
Mickey Lolich 1940– Major League Baseball pitcher Yes  
Neil Lomax 1959– Football player Yes [247]
Ashly Lorenzana 1987- Sex worker, author and freelance writer Yes [248]
A. M. Loryea 1839–1893 Physician, co-founder of Oregon Hospital for the Insane No [249]
Courtney Love 1964– Actress, musician (Hole) No [250]
George A. Lovejoy 1931–2015 New Hampshire State Senator, businessman Yes  
Richard A. Lovett 1953– Author No  
Horace Sumner Lyman 1855–1904 Journalist, historian No [251]
Logan Lynn 1979– Musician, writer, activist No  

M

[edit]
Richard Laurence Marquette, serial killer
Rose McGowan, actress, director
Mayo Methot, actress
Isaiah Mustafa, actor and athlete
Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
Ballard MacDonald 1882–1935 Songwriter and lyricist Yes [252]
Harry Mack 1990– Rapper No [253]
Shannon MacMillan 1974– U.S. soccer player No  
Vivek Maddala 1973– Composer, musician, producer No  
L. K. Madigan 1963–2010 Writer of young adult fiction Yes [254]
Holly Madison 1979– Playboy Playmate, actress No [255]
Sharon Maeda 1945– Activist No [256]
Neda Maghbouleh   Professor, sociologist, writer No [257]
Cleo Maletis 1925–2009 Mrs. America 1957 No [258]
Stephen Malkmus 1966– Musician (Pavement) No [259]
Paul Malvern 1902–1993 Stuntman, producer Yes [260]
Robert Mann 1920–2018 Violinist, founder of Juilliard String Quartet Yes [261]
Thomas Mann 1991– Actor Yes [11]
Steve March 1946- Politician and businessman No [262]
Phillip Margolin 1944– Writer, lawyer Yes  
Richard Marquette 1934– Serial killer Yes [112]
Chan Marshall 1972– Musician (Cat Power) No [263]
Leanne Marshall 1980– Winner of Project Runway, season 5 No  
Vivian Marshall 1888–1969 Actress, stuntwoman No [264]
Emily Winfield Martin   Artist, children's author Yes  
Robert Marx 1956– Fencer Yes [265]
Blair Mastbaum 1975– Author No  
Ana Matronic 1974– Singer Yes  
Les McClaine 1977– Comic artist No  
S. J. McCormick 1828–1891 Publisher No [266]
Rose McGowan 1973– Actress, director No [267]
Douglas McKay 1893–1959 Politician Yes [268]
Wanda McKay 1915–1996 Actress Yes [269]
Dallas McKennon 1919–2009 Voice actor No [270]
Brian McMenamin 1957– Brewpub owner, businessman Yes [271]
Mike McMenamin   Brewpub owner, businessman Yes [271]
Carlton Mellick III 1977– Author No  
Colin Meloy 1974– Musician (The Decemberists) No  
James Mercer 1970– Musician (The Shins) No  
Judi Meredith 1936–2014 Actress, figure skater Yes [272]
Natalie Mering 1988– Musician (Weyes Blood) No [273]
Nancy Merki 1926–2014 Olympic swimmer Yes [52]
Jeff Merkley 1956– U.S. senator No  
Mayo Methot 1904–1951 Actress No [274]
Noah Mickens   Ringmaster of Wanderlust Circus Yes  
Tiffeny Milbrett 1972– Soccer player, Olympic and World Cup champion Yes  
Colleen Miller 1932– Actress No [275]
Donald Miller 1971– Author No  
Karen Minnis 1954– Politician Yes [276]
Bob Mionske 1962– Attorney, Olympic bicycle racer No  
Mirah 1974– Musician No [277]
Rhea Mitchell 1890–1957 Actress Yes [278]
Erika Moen 1983– Comic artist No [279]
Anne Shannon Monroe 1873–1942 Writer No  
Jinkx Monsoon 1987– Drag queen, singer, actor Yes [280]
Lisa Montgomery 1972– MTV VJ No  
Al Moore 1908–1991 Football player Yes  
Glen Moore 1941– Jazz bassist Yes [281]
Jason Moore   Wikipedia editor and organizer No  
Joel David Moore 1977– Actor, director Yes  
Hilda Grossman Morris 1911–1991 Artist No [282]
Sienna Morris 1983– Artist No [283]
Lee Morse 1897–1954 Singer-songwriter, actress No [284]
Cris Moss   Artist, curator No  
George Mullin 1892–1963 World War I veteran, Victoria Cross winner Yes  
Ona Munson 1903–1955 Actress Yes [285]
Francis J. Murnane 1914–1968 Longshore worker, preservationist No [286]
Dale Murphy 1956– Major League Baseball player Yes  
Brent Musburger 1939– ESPN and ABC newscaster Yes [287]
Isaiah Mustafa 1974– Actor, athlete Yes [288]
Danny Mwanga 1991– Soccer player No [289]

N

[edit]
Bill Naito, businessman
Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
Legedu Naanee 1983– NFL player Yes [290]
Rose Naftalin 1898–1998 Restaurateur No [291]
Bill Naito 1925–1996 Businessman Yes  
Dika Newlin 1923–2006 Composer, musician Yes [292]
Rob Neyer 1966– Sportswriter, author No  
Scout Niblett 1973– Musician No [293]
Stella Nickell 1943– Convicted criminal No [294]
Jen and Kyndi Niquette 1988– Singers (Jen and Kat), lifestyle models No [295]

O

[edit]
Kaitlin Olson, actress
Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
Colin O'Brady 1985– Endurance athlete No [296]
Dan O'Brien 1966– Olympic gold medalist Yes [297]
Bill O'Reilly 1949– Political commentator, former news anchor No [298]
Broderick O'Farrell 1882–1955 Actor Yes [299]
Kevin O'Rourke 1956– Actor Yes [11]
Bill Oakley 1966– Writer No [300]
Jack Ohman 1960– Editorial cartoonist of The Oregonian No [301]
Steve Olin 1965–1993 Major League Baseball pitcher Yes [302]
George Olsen 1893–1971 Bandleader Yes [303]
Kaitlin Olson 1975– Actress, comedian Yes [304]
William Olvis 1958–2014 Composer Yes  
Mark Orton   Film score composer No  
William Overton   Co-founder of Portland Yes [305]

P

[edit]
Linus Pauling, chemist and peace activist
Orlando Plummer, physician and politician
Jane Powell, actress and singer
Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
Keith Packard 1963– Software developer No  
Bettie Page 1923–2008 Pin-up model No [306]
Chuck Palahniuk 1962– Author No [307]
Robert B. Pamplin 1911–2009 Businessman No [308]
Jiggs Parrott 1871–1891 Major League Baseball infielder Yes [309]
Tom Parrott 1868–1932 Major League Baseball pitcher Yes [310]
Dennis Patera 1945– NFL player Yes [311]
Ken Patera 1942– Olympic weightlifter Yes [312]
Virginia Patton 1925–2022 Actress, businesswoman No [313]
Linus Pauling 1901–1994 Double Nobel Prize-winning chemist Yes [314]
George Anson Pease 1830–1919 Steamboat captain No [315]
Lute Pease 1869–1963 Pulitzer Prize-winning cartoonist No [316]
Jack Pennick 1895–1964 Actor Yes [317]
Edward J. Perkins 1928–2020 Diplomat No [318]
Johnny Pesky 1919–2012 Major League Baseball player (Boston Red Sox) Yes [319]
Susan Peters 1921–1952 Actress No [320]
Buddy Peterson 1925–2007 Baseball player Yes [321]
Tom Peterson 1930–2016 Television personality No [112]
Samuel B. Pettengill 1886–1974 Politician Yes [322]
James Phelan 1892–1974 Football player, coach No [323]
Henry F. Phillips 1890–1958 Inventor of the Phillips-head screw Yes [324]
Hollie Pihl 1928–2018 Judge Yes [325]
Mitch Pileggi 1952– Actor Yes [11]
Roddy Piper 1954–2015 Wrestler No [326]
Joe Plummer   Rock drummer, percussionist No [327]
Orlando Plummer 1836–1913 Physician, politician No [328]
Bill Plympton 1946– Animator, illustrator Yes [329]
Justine W. Polier 1903–1987 First female judge in New York Yes [330]
Daniel A. Poling 1884–1968 Clergyman Yes [331]
Erika Polmar   Entrepreneur and activist   [332]
Paul Popham 1941–1987 War veteran, gay rights activist No [333]
Tom Potter 1940– Former police chief and mayor of Portland No [334]
Gap Powell 1898–1989 Professional football player Yes [335]
Jane Powell 1929–2021 Actress, singer Yes [336]
Maudie Prickett 1914–1976 Actress Yes [337]

Q

[edit]
Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
Philip Quinton 1999– Soccer player Yes [338]

R

[edit]
Ruth Radelet, musician and singer, Chromatics
John Reed, journalist
Mark Rothko, expressionist painter
Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
Ruth Radelet 1982– Musician (Chromatics) Yes [339]
Ahmad Rashad 1949– NFL player Yes [112]
Justin Rattner   Intel executive No  
Johnnie Ray 1927–1990 Singer No [340]
Max Records 1997– Actor Yes [11]
John Reed 1887–1920 Journalist Yes [287]
Holiday Reinhorn 1964– Writer Yes [341]
Mel Renfro 1941– NFL defensive back No [342]
Rozz Rezabek 1960– Punk singer (Negative Trend, Theatre of Sheep) Yes [343]
Kim Rhodes 1969– Actress Yes [11]
Frank Rice 1892–1936 Actor No [344]
Jeff Richards 1924–1989 Actor, baseball player Yes [345]
Burton Richardson 1949– Television announcer Yes  
Mike Richardson 1950– Publisher, founder of Dark Horse Comics Yes [346]
Lolita Ritmanis 1962– Film composer Yes [347]
Terry Robb 1956– Guitarist No [348]
Clete Roberts 1912–1984 Newscaster, actor Yes [349]
Robert Robideau 1946–2009 Native American rights activist Yes [350]
John Robison 1985– Actor Yes [11]
Cleveland S. Rockwell 1837–1907 Cartographer, artist No [351]
Josef Rösch 1925–2016 Physician, radiologist No [352]
Raina Rose 1982– Folk singer No [353]
Keri Rosebraugh   Artist Yes [354]
Louis Conrad Rosenberg 1890–1983 Printmaker Yes [355]
Alex Ross 1970– Comic artist Yes [356]
Marv Ross 1951– Musician (Quarterflash) Yes [357]
Rindy Ross 1951– Singer, musician (Quarterflash) Yes [357]
Mark Rothko 1903–1970 Artist No [54]
Aaron Rowand 1970– NFL player Yes [358]
Greg Rucka 1969– Novelist, comic writer No [359]
Galen Rupp 1986– Olympic distance runner Yes [360]
Pat Russell 1923–2021 Los Angeles City Council member Yes  
Rick Rydell 1963– Writer, talk show host No [361]
Nancy Ryles 1937–1990 Politician Yes [362]

S

[edit]
Alexandra Savior, singer-songwriter
Norton Simon, billionaire industrialist
Elliott Smith, musician
Esperanza Spalding, multi-Grammy winning musician
Mary Jane Spurlin, first female judge in Oregon
Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
Domantas Sabonis 1996- Professional basketball player for the Sacramento Kings Yes  
Joe Sacco 1960– Graphic novel journalist No  
Katee Sackhoff 1980– Actress Yes [363]
Greg Sage 1952– Musician, singer (Wipers) No [364]
Alberto Salazar 1958– Olympic track athlete, coach until he was banned for life No  
Curtis Salgado 1954– Singer No  
Mary F. Sammons 1954– Businesswoman, former CEO of Rite Aid and Fred Meyer Yes [365]
Rick Sanders 1945–1972 Freestyle wrestler, World Champion and two-time Olympic silver medalist Yes  
Alexandra Savior 1995– Singer-songwriter Yes [366]
Rebecca Schaeffer 1967–1989 Actress No [367]
Anne Schedeen 1949– Actress Yes [368]
Monte Scheinblum 1967– Long-driving golf champion Yes [369]
Dan Schmid 1962– Musician Yes  
Gerald Schwartz 1941– Mathematician Yes  
Randal L. Schwartz 1961– Author, convicted computer criminal Yes  
Gordon Scott 1926–2007 Actor Yes [370]
Harvey W. Scott 1838–1910 Publisher No [371]
Leslie M. Scott 1878–1968 Politician, historian Yes [372]
Ynez Seabury 1907–1973 Actress Yes [373]
Daniel Seavey 1999– Musician, contestant of American Idol Yes  
Gwenn Seemel 1981– Artist No [374]
Della Sehorn 1927–2001 Olympic swimmer Yes [375]
Richie Sexson 1974– Major League Baseball player Yes  
Susan Shadburne 1942–2018 Filmmaker Yes [376]
Ari Shapiro 1978– Journalist No [377]
David Shipley 1963– Journalist, editor of Bloomberg View, formerly The New York Times Yes [378]
Floyd Simmons 1925–1996 Football player Yes  
Danny Simon 1918–2005 Television writer No [379]
Norton Simon 1907–1993 Billionaire industrialist Yes [380]
Christine Sinclair 1983- Canadian soccer player No  
Jacques Singer 1910–1980 Violinist, conductor of the Oregon Symphony (1962–1972) No  
Lori Singer 1957– Actress, cellist No [381]
Ernst Skarstedt 1857–1929 Author No  
Joseph A. Sladen 1841–1911 Union Army recipient of the Medal of Honor No [382]
Elliott Smith 1969–2003 Musician No [383]
Harry Everett Smith 1923–1991 Archivist, ethnomusicologist Yes [384]
Lawrence Leighton Smith 1936–2013 Conductor Yes [385]
Marie Smith 1898–1991 Activist No [386]
Esperanza Spalding 1984– Musician Yes [287]
Tom Spanbauer 1946– Author No  
Erik Spoelstra 1970– NBA coach No [287]
Mary Jane Spurlin 1883–1970 First female judge in Oregon No [387]
Matthew Stadler 1959– Author No  
William Stafford 1914–1993 Poet No  
Katy Steding 1967– Basketball player, head coach at Boston University Yes [52]
Bob Steele 1907–1988 Actor Yes [388]
Dave Stevens 1955–2008 Illustrator, comic artist No [389]
Melvin Storer 1921–2003 United States Navy shipfitter Yes [390]
Tempest Storm 1928–2021 Burlesque dancer No  
Damon Stoudamire 1973– NBA player, coach Yes [391]
Salim Stoudamire 1982– NBA player Yes  
Steven Strauss   Author and lawyer No [392]
Cheryl Strayed 1968– Author, essayist No [393]
Brenda Strong 1960– Actress Yes [394]
Arthur Dewey Struble 1894–1983 United States admiral Yes [395]
Sally Struthers 1947– Actress Yes [396]
Ndamukong Suh 1987– NFL player Yes  
Jon Micah Sumrall 1980– Singer, musician (Kutless) No  

T

[edit]
Tommy Thayer, lead guitarist of KISS
Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
Deb Talan 1968– Singer-songwriter (The Weepies) No  
Simon Tam 1981– Musician (The Slants) No  
Jason Tanamor 1975– Author No [397]
Ruth Taylor 1905–1984 Actress No [398]
Thelma Taylor 1933–1949 Murder victim Yes [399]
Courtney Taylor-Taylor 1967– Musician Yes  
James Terwilliger 1809–1892 Pioneer, namesake of Terwilliger Boulevard No [400]
Maria Thayer 1975– Actress Yes [401]
Tommy Thayer 1960– Musician (Kiss) Yes [402]
Twinka Thiebaud 1945– Model No [403]
Craig Thompson 1975– Graphic novelist No  
Chiye Tomihiro 1924–2012 Japanese-American activist Yes  
Barbara Thorne Stevenson 1909–1985 Soprano Yes  
Kirk Thornton 1956– Voice actor Yes  
Tori 1964– Bodybuilder Yes  
Linus Torvalds 1969– Organizer of Linux operating system kernel No  
Michael Totten 1970- Foreign correspondent, writer No  
Vecepia Towery 1965– Winner of Survivor: Marquesas Yes [404]
Pennie Lane Trumbull 1954– Socialite Yes [405]
Corin Tucker 1972– Musician (Sleater-Kinney) No  
Richmond K. Turner 1885–1961 U.S. Navy admiral Yes [406]
Wayne Twitchell 1948–2010 Major League Baseball player Yes  

U

[edit]
Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
Ime Udoka 1977– NBA player, coach Yes [407]
Mfon Udoka 1976– WNBA player Yes [52]
Sara Jean Underwood 1984– Playboy Playmate, model Yes [408]
Andrea U'Ren 1968– Children's author, illustrator No  

V

[edit]
Gus Van Sant, filmmaker
Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
Gus Van Sant 1952– Filmmaker No [409]
Gino Vannelli 1952- Singer-songwriter No [410]
Laura Veirs 1973– Singer-songwriter No [287]
Will Vinton 1947–2018 Claymation animator No [411]
Nicole Vogel   Publisher, author No [412]
Tim Vollmer 1946– Olympic discus thrower Yes [413]
Howard Vollum 1913–1986 Engineer, founder of Tektronix Yes [414]
Robert Vosper 1913–1994 Librarian (UCLA, University of Kansas) Yes [415]

W

[edit]
Lindsay Wagner, actress
Nancy Wilson, singer and guitarist of Heart
Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
Lindsay Wagner 1949– Actress No [416]
Chris Walla 1975– Musician (Death Cab for Cutie) No [417]
Fred Walton 1949– Film director No [418]
Abby Wambach 1980– Soccer player No [210]
M. Ward 1973– Musician No [210]
Dominic Waters 1986– Basketball player in the Israel Basketball Premier League Yes  
Michaela Watkins 1971– Comedian, actress No [419]
Marie Watt 1967– Sculptor No  
Danny Way 1974– Professional skateboarder Yes [420]
Henry Weinhard 1830–1904 Brewer No [421]
Janet Weiss 1965– Drummer (Sleater-Kinney) No [422]
Claxton Welch 1947– NFL player Yes [423]
E. Henry Wemme 1861–1914 Businessman No [424]
Paul Wexler 1929–1979 Actor Yes  
Philip Whalen 1923–2012 Poet Yes [425]
Nancy Whang 1977– Musician (LCD Soundsystem) Yes [426]
Ted Wheeler 1962– Mayor of Portland Yes  
Minor White 1908–1976 Photographer No  
Morris H. Whitehouse 1878–1944 Architect Yes [427]
Andrew Wiederhorn 1966– Entrepreneur Yes [428]
Brad Wilk 1968– Drummer (Rage Against the Machine, Audioslave) Yes [429]
Gustaf Wilson 1827–1905 Businessman, Freemason No [430]
Nancy Wilson 1954– Musician (Heart) No [431]
David Wolman   Author, journalist No [432]
Carolyn Wood 1945– Olympic swimmer Yes [52]
Charles Erskine Scott Wood 1852–1944 Author, civil liberties advocate No [433]
Randall Woodfield 1950– Serial killer known as the I-5 Killer No [434]
Martin Wong 1949–1999 Painter Yes [435]
Renn Woods 1958– Actress No [436]
Thomas H. Wright 1873–1928 Electrician, teacher No [437]
Ron Wyden 1949- U.S. senator; former U.S. congressman Yes [438]
Anthony Wynn 1962– Playwright No  

Y

[edit]
Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
John Yeon 1910–1994 Architect Yes [439]
Harold Young 1897–1970 Film and theater director Yes [440]
Joan Young 1937–1985 Actress Yes [441]
Lidia Yuknavitch 1963– Writer No [442]
Yeat 2000– Rapper No [443]

Z

[edit]
Suzanne Zimmerman, Olympic swimmer
Person Lifespan Notability Born   Ref.
Mariel Zagunis 1985– Two-time Olympic gold medalist in fencing Yes [52]
Richard Zander 1964– Figure skater Yes [444]
Alexandra Zapp 1971–2002 Murder victim Yes [445]
Suzanne Zimmerman 1925–2021 Olympic silver medalist swimmer Yes [52]
Peter Zuckerman 1979– Journalist No [446]
Mark Zusman 1954– Publisher No [447]

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
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  441. ^ Marks, Arnold (February 20, 1965). "For Your Entertainment". The Oregon Daily Journal. p. J3. Retrieved July 28, 2025. "Welcome home, Joan Young. This talented actress-writer, one-time protege of Melba Sparks, beloved former Jefferson High school drama instructor, is back in Portland, visiting at the home of her brother. Miss Young is an example of a home town girl who followed her interest in dramatics. [...] She appeared in a Civic Theater production of "Three Wishes for Jamie," played Ophelia in an Oumansky Magic Ring Theater production of 'Hamlet', and also did television here. Then came Hollywood, television and motion picture roles. Before returning home, she finished a "Ben Casey" episode as Nick Adams' girl friend in 'Three Little Lambs.'"
  442. ^ "About Lidia". Corporeal Writing. Archived from the original on September 25, 2015. Retrieved September 24, 2015.
  443. ^ "YEAT on Up 2 Me, Twizzy Rich, KanKan, 4L, Sorry Bout That, T-Pain, & More". YouTube. Archived from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  444. ^ Hersh, Phil (March 6, 1990). "Zander Leads After Men's Compulsory Figures". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
  445. ^ "Last Exit". Boston Magazine. May 15, 2006. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
  446. ^ Mesh, Aaron (October 29, 2015). "Portland Writer Peter Zuckerman Settles Lawsuit From Idaho Republican Donor". Willamette Week. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
  447. ^ "Mark Zusman Named Publisher Of Willamette Week". Oregon Public Broadcasting. Associated Press. June 12, 2015. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 6, 2017.

Sources

[edit]
  • Corning, Howard M. (1989) [1956]. Dictionary of Oregon History. Portland, Oregon: Binfords & Mort Publishing. ISBN 978-0-832-30449-1.
  • Katchmer, George A. (2009) [2002]. A Biographical Dictionary of Silent Film Western Actors and Actresses. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-786-44693-3.
  • Ware, Susan, ed. (2004). Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary Completing the Twentieth Century. Vol. 5. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01488-6.
 

 

 

Map of Portland, Oregon's five sections, prior to the creation of South Portland in 2020.

Portland, Oregon is divided into six sections: North Portland, Northeast Portland, Northwest Portland, South Portland, Southeast Portland, and Southwest Portland. There are 95 officially recognized neighborhoods, each of which is represented by a volunteer-based neighborhood association. No neighborhood associations overlap the Willamette River, but a few overlap the addressing sextants. For example, most addresses in the South Portland Neighborhood Association are South, but a portion of the neighborhood is west of SW View Point Terrace where addresses have a SW prefix. Similarly the Buckman Neighborhood Association spans both NE and SE Portland.

Neighborhood associations serve as the liaison between residents and the city government, as coordinated by the city's Office of Community & Civic Life,[1] which was created in 1974 and known as the Office of Neighborhood Involvement until July 2018.[2] The city subsequently provides funding to this "network of neighborhoods" through district coalitions, which are groupings of neighborhood associations. A few areas of Portland are "unclaimed" by any of the 95 neighborhood associations in Portland.

Neighborhoods

[edit]

Each neighborhood association defines its own boundaries, which may include areas outside of Portland city limits and (if mutually agreed) areas that overlap with other neighborhoods. Neighborhoods may span boundaries between the six sections (North Portland, Northeast Portland, Northwest Portland, South Portland, Southeast Portland, and Southwest Portland) of the city as well. The segmentation adopted here is based on Office of Community & Civic Life's district coalition model, under which each neighborhood is part of at most one coalition (though some neighborhoods are not included in any).

 
Neighborhood name Sextant Coalition Namesake Image Notes
Alameda Northeast Northeast Coalition of Neighborhoods Alameda Land Company who laid out the first subdivision in the area  
Arbor Lodge North North Portland Neighborhood Services    
Ardenwald-Johnson Creek Southeast Southeast Uplift Neighborhood Coalition Arden M. Rockwood, son of the man who first platted the area Partially in Portland and Milwaukie. Neighborhood recognized by both cities.
Argay Northeast East Portland Community Office Portmanteau of Art Simonson and Gerhardt "Gay" Stavney, planners of neighborhood.    
Arlington Heights Northwest Neighbors West-Northwest    
Arnold Creek Southwest Southwest Neighborhoods Arnold Creek  
Ashcreek Southwest Southwest Neighborhoods      
Beaumont-Wilshire Northeast Northeast Coalition of Neighborhoods Beaumont: beautiful mountain in French.

Wilshire: Etymology unknown

  
Boise North, Northeast Northeast Coalition of Neighborhoods Reuben P. Boise, Oregon Supreme Court Justice Includes Mississippi District.
Brentwood-Darlington Southeast Southeast Uplift Neighborhood Coalition    
Bridgeton North, Northeast North Portland Neighborhood Services Bridgeton Slough, in turn named for the Interstate Bridge    
Bridlemile Southwest Southwest Neighborhoods      
Brooklyn Southeast Southeast Uplift Neighborhood Coalition Large number of rivers, creeks, and lakes that historically occupied the neighborhood.  
Buckman Southeast Southeast Uplift Neighborhood Coalition City Councilor Cyrus Buckman  
Cathedral Park North North Portland Neighborhood Services Cathedral Park  
Centennial Southeast East Portland Community Office      
Collins View Southwest Southwest Neighborhoods    
Concordia Northeast Northeast Coalition of Neighborhoods Concordia University (now University of Oregon Portland)  
Creston-Kenilworth Southeast Southeast Uplift Neighborhood Coalition Creston: Etymology unknown

Kenilworth: Sir Walter Scott's Kenilworth. A Romance.

  
Crestwood Southwest Southwest Neighborhoods      
Cully Northeast Northeast Coalition of Neighborhoods Settler Thomas Cully.  
Chinatown Northwest Neighbors West-Northwest Historically large number of Chinese businesses and residences Northwest part of Old Town Chinatown, the Southwest part being Old Town.
Downtown Southwest Neighbors West-Northwest Portland's Downtown  
East Columbia North, Northeast North Portland Neighborhood Services Columbia River    
Eastmoreland Southeast Southeast Uplift Neighborhood Coalition Pioneer Julius C. Moreland  
Eliot North, Northeast Northeast Coalition of Neighborhoods Rev. Thomas Lamb Eliot Former center of Albina, Oregon before annexation with Portland.
Far Southwest Southwest Southwest Neighborhoods Farthest southwest neighborhood of Portland  
Forest Park Northwest Neighbors West-Northwest Forest Park  
Foster-Powell Southeast Southeast Uplift Neighborhood Coalition Foster Road and Powell Boulevard, in turn named for Estacada farmer Philip Foster and settler Jackson Powell  
Glenfair Northeast, Southeast East Portland Community Office Glenfair Park  
Goose Hollow Southwest Neighbors West-Northwest Large amount of wild Geese who historically inhabited the area  
Grant Park Northeast Central Northeast Neighbors Grant Park, in turn named for President Ulysses S. Grant  
Hayden Island North North Portland Neighborhood Services Hayden Island, in turn named for settler Gay Hayden  
Hayhurst Southwest Southwest Neighborhoods    
Hazelwood Northeast, Southeast East Portland Community Office      
Healy Heights Southwest Unaffiliated    
Hillsdale Southwest Southwest Neighborhoods Tualatin Mountains (West Hills)  
Hillside Northwest Neighbors West-Northwest Tualatin Mountains (West Hills)  
Hollywood Northeast Central Northeast Neighbors Hollywood Theatre  
Homestead Southwest Southwest Neighborhoods Location of the homestead of State Representative Philip Augustus Marquam  
Hosford-Abernethy Southeast Southeast Uplift Neighborhood Coalition Hosford: Methodist Missionary Chauncey Hosford.

Abernethy: Provisional Governor of Oregon George Abernethy.

  
Humboldt North, Northeast Northeast Coalition of Neighborhoods      
Irvington Northeast Northeast Coalition of Neighborhoods Irvington Investment Company, development company that helped create the neighborhood.  
Kenton North North Portland Neighborhood Services    
Kerns Northeast, Southeast Southeast Uplift Neighborhood Coalition Settler William Kerns  
King Northeast Northeast Coalition of Neighborhoods Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.    
Laurelhurst Northeast, Southeast Southeast Uplift Neighborhood Coalition Laurelhurst Company, development company that helped create the neighborhood.  
Lents Southeast East Portland Community Office Settler Oliver P. Lent  
Linnton Northwest Neighbors West-Northwest US Senator Lewis F. Linn (D-MO)  
Lloyd District North, Northeast Northeast Coalition of Neighborhoods Developer Ralph Lloyd, founder of Lloyd Center, once America's largest shopping mall  
Madison South Northeast Central Northeast Neighbors James Madison High School (now Leodis V. McDaniel High School)  
Maplewood Southwest Southwest Neighborhoods    
Markham Southwest Southwest Neighborhoods      
Marshall Park Southwest Southwest Neighborhoods Marshall Park, in turn named for Frederick C. and Addie Mae Marshall who donated the park to the city    
Mill Park Southeast East Portland Community Office    
Montavilla Northeast, Southeast Southeast Uplift Neighborhood Coalition Portmanteau of Mount Tabor Village  
Mt. Scott-Arleta Southeast Southeast Uplift Neighborhood Coalition Mt. Scott: Harvey W. Scott, editor of The Oregonian.

Arleta: the daughter of one of the neighborhood's early developers.

  
Mount Tabor Southeast Southeast Uplift Neighborhood Coalition Mount Tabor, in turn named for the biblical Mount Tabor  
Multnomah/Multnomah Village Southwest Southwest Neighborhoods Multnomah Tribe/Chief Multnomah  
North Tabor Southeast Southeast Uplift Neighborhood Coalition Mount Tabor, in turn named for the biblical Mount Tabor  
Northwest District Northwest Neighbors West-Northwest Northwest Portland Includes Uptown, Nob Hill, Alphabet District, and Slabtown.
Northwest Heights Northwest Neighbors West-Northwest Northwest Portland    
Northwest Industrial Northwest Neighbors West-Northwest Large number of Industrial parks in the area  
Old Town Southwest Neighbors West-Northwest Original urban core of Portland. "Oldest part of town". Southwest part of Old Town Chinatown, the Northwest part being Chinatown.
Overlook North North Portland Neighborhood Services The neighborhood is located on a bluff that overlooks the city. Includes Swan Island.
Parkrose Northeast East Portland Community Office    
Parkrose Heights Northeast East Portland Community Office      
Pearl District Northwest Neighbors West-Northwest Coined by local journalist Terry Hammond for unknown reasons  
Piedmont North, Northeast North Portland Neighborhood Services    
Pleasant Valley Southeast East Portland Community Office      
Portsmouth North North Portland Neighborhood Services Port of Portland  
Powellhurst-Gilbert Southeast East Portland Community Office Named for two schools in the area, Powellhurst (in turn named for settler Jackson Powell) and Gilbert Heights (in turn named for settler William M. Gilbert). Includes the recently formed Jade District.
Reed Southeast Southeast Uplift Neighborhood Coalition Reed College, in turn named for pioneers Simeon Gannett & Amanda Reed.  
Richmond Southeast Southeast Uplift Neighborhood Coalition Settler Richmond Kelly, son of Rev. Clinton Kelly.  
Rose City Park Northeast Northeast Coalition of Neighborhoods Refers to Portland's nickname of the City of Roses.  
Roseway Northeast Central Northeast Neighbors Refers to Portland's nickname of the City of Roses.  
Russell Northeast East Portland Community Office    
Sabin Northeast Northeast Coalition of Neighborhoods    
St. Johns North North Portland Neighborhood Services Settler James John  
Sellwood-Moreland (Westmoreland) Southeast Southeast Uplift Neighborhood Coalition Sellwood: Rev. John Sellwood

Moreland: Pioneer Julius C. Moreland

  
South Burlingame Southwest Southwest Neighborhoods    
South Portland South Southwest Neighborhoods South of Downtown Includes South Waterfront, Lair Hill, and Corbett
South Tabor Southeast Southeast Uplift Neighborhood Coalition Mount Tabor, in turn named for the biblical Mount Tabor  
Southwest Hills Southwest Southwest Neighborhoods Tualatin Mountains (West Hills) Partially in Portland and unincorporated Multnomah County.
Sullivan's Gulch Northeast Northeast Coalition of Neighborhoods Settler Timothy Sullivan  
Sumner Northeast Central Northeast Neighbors    
Sunderland Northeast Central Northeast Neighbors   Includes Dignity Village.
Sunnyside Southeast Southeast Uplift Neighborhood Coalition    
Sylvan-Highlands Southwest Neighbors West-Northwest Roman God of the Woods, Silvanus    
University Park North North Portland Neighborhood Services Portland Methodist Episcopal University (now University of Portland)  
Vernon Northeast Northeast Coalition of Neighborhoods    
West Portland Park Southwest Southwest Neighborhoods West part of Portland  
Wilkes Northeast East Portland Community Office The Wilkes Family of settlers    
Woodland Park Northeast East Portland Community Office     Portland's smallest neighborhood.
Woodlawn Northeast Northeast Coalition of Neighborhoods    
Woodstock Southeast Southeast Uplift Neighborhood Coalition Sir Walter Scott's Woodstock  

Other areas and communities

[edit]
  • Alberta Arts District, an art, retail, and restaurant area in the King, Vernon, and Concordia neighborhoods
  • Albina, a historical city which was consolidated into Portland in 1891
  • The Belmont Area, a retail and residential area in the Buckman, Sunnyside, and Mt. Tabor neighborhoods
  • Dunthorpe, an affluent unincorporated enclave just beyond the city limits, north of Lake Oswego
  • Unincorporated areas near Portland proper in Washington County (unincorporated neighborhoods expanding into Washington County)
  • East Portland, a historical city which was consolidated into Portland in 1891, not to be confused with the area of the same name that extends roughly east of I-205 to Portland's eastern boundary
  • East Portland, the area of Portland generally east of I-205, where approximately one quarter of residents reside, but which has historically not received adequate city services.[3][4]
  • The Hawthorne District, a retail, restaurant, and cultural district running through the Buckman, Hosford-Abernethy, Sunnyside, Richmond, and Mt. Tabor neighborhoods
  • Maywood Park, a Northeast neighborhood incorporated as a separate city that is now completely surrounded by the city of Portland
  • Peacock Lane, a quaint English village in the heart of Sunnyside Neighborhood has been treating the city of Portland to free holiday lighting displays each December since the 1940s
  • Vanport, a city located in present-day North Portland destroyed by a flood in 1948

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Office of Civic & Community Life, City of Portland. Accessed 2018-08-26.
  2. ^ City council ordinance 189078, passed on July 18, 2018. Auditor's Office, City of Portland.
  3. ^ Templeton, Amelia. "Audit Finds East Portland Lags Behind In Sidewalks, Parks". www.opb.org. Retrieved July 27, 2018.
  4. ^ "The Other Portland". Willamette Week. Retrieved July 27, 2018.
[edit]
 

 

 

Portland City Council
Coat of arms or logo
Type
Type
Leadership
President of the Council
Elana Pirtle-Guiney
since January 2, 2025
Vice President of the Council
Tiffany Koyama Lane
since January 2, 2025
Structure
Seats 12
Political groups
 Officially nonpartisan
  •   Democratic (12)
Length of term
 4 years
Salary $133,207[1]
Elections
Single transferable vote
Last election
 November 5, 2024
Next election
 November 3, 2026 (6 seats)
Meeting place
Portland City Hall
Portland, Oregon
Website
Portland City Council

The Portland City Council (formerly the Portland City Commission) is the legislative body of the City of Portland in Oregon and forms part of the government of the city.

In January 2025, the city of Portland switched to a mayor–council form of government from a commission form of government, with elections held the prior November. The half of the city council began full four-year terms, while the other half of the city council started initial two-year terms to establish a staggered election cycle.[2]

There are no term-limits for city councilors and they are all officially nonpartisan,[3] although all current members of the council are members of the Democratic Party, and four of the councilors are members of the Democratic Socialists of America.[4][5]

Members

[edit]
For a list of all current and former city councilors, see List of members of the Portland City Council.
District Name Elected
1 Candace Avalos 2024
Loretta Smith 2024
Jamie Dunphy 2024
2 Dan Ryan 2020
Elana Pirtle-Guiney 2024
Sameer Kanal 2024
3 Steve Novick 2024
Tiffany Koyama Lane 2024
Angelita Morillo 2024
4 Olivia Clark 2024
Mitch Green 2024
Eric Zimmerman 2024

Districts

[edit]
Map of Portland City Council districts as of the new council in 2025.

Since 2024, the council districts are as follows:[6]

District Geography and neighborhoods
1 The eastern part of the city, primarily everything east of Interstate 205 all the way to the city's eastern border with Gresham, as well as Portland International Airport.

Neighborhoods: Argay, Centennial, Glenfair, Hazelwood, Lents, Mill Park, Parkrose, Parkrose Heights, Pleasant Valley, Powellhurst-Gilbert, Russell, Sumner, Wilkes, and Woodland Park.
2 Most of North and Northeast Portland north of Interstate 84 and west of 82nd Avenue.

Neighborhoods: Alameda, Arbor Lodge, Beaumont-Wilshire, Boise, Bridgeton, Cathedral Park, Concordia, Cully, Dignity Village, East Columbia, Eliot, Grant Park, Hayden Island, Hollywood, Humboldt, Irvington, Kenton, King, Lloyd District, Madison South, Overlook, Piedmont, Portsmouth, Sabin, St. Johns, Sullivan's Gulch, Sumner, Sunderland, University Park, Vernon, and Woodlawn.
3 Most of Southeast Portland south of Interstate 84 and west of Interstate 205, as well as a small sliver of Northeast Portland east of 47th Avenue and south of Prescott Avenue.

Neighborhoods: Brentwood-Darlington, Brooklyn, Buckman, Creston-Kenilworth, Foster-Powell, Hosford-Abernethy (includes Ladd's Addition), Kerns, Laurelhurst, Madison South, Montavilla, Mt. Scott-Arleta, Mt. Tabor, North Tabor, Richmond, Rose City Park, Roseway, South Tabor, Sunnyside, and Woodstock.
4 All of Portland west of the Willamette River (Northwest, Southwest, and South sextants) as well as a small area on the east side including three neighborhoods.

Neighborhoods: Arlington Heights, Arnold Creek, Ashcreek, Bridlemile (includes Glencullen), Collins View, Crestwood, Downtown, Eastmoreland, Far Southwest, Forest Park, Goose Hollow, Hayhurst (includes Vermont Hills), Hillsdale, Hillside, Homestead, Linnton, Maplewood, Markham, Marshall Park, Multnomah (includes Multnomah Village), Northwest District (includes Uptown, Nob Hill, Alphabet Historic District), Northwest Heights, Northwest Industrial, Old Town Chinatown, Pearl District, Reed, Sellwood-Moreland, South Burlingame, South Portland (includes Corbett, Fulton, Lair Hill, Terwilliger, and the Johns Landing and South Waterfront developments), Southwest Hills, Sylvan-Highlands, and West Portland Park (includes Capitol Hill).

History

[edit]

The Portland Charter was the subject of much debate circa 1911–1912. Rival charters were drafted by four different groups. One of these proposed charters was unusual in that it would have used Bucklin voting to elect the mayor and implemented interactive representation of the people through the commissioner system; each commissioner's vote would have been weighted according to the number of votes he received in the election. eventually, the city council submitted an entirely different charter to the people, which was accepted.[7] The city commission government form then came into use in 1913, with H. Russell Albee being the first mayor under the new system.[8]

Between 1913 and 2024, Portland ran on this commission form of government, the largest city in the United States to do so. The council was composed of five members, referred to as Commissioners, which included the Mayor, each elected at-large for a term of four years. One of the Commissioners was elected to be the ceremonial President of the Council.

Commissioners were each assigned to run and oversee various city Bureaus (eg. Police, Fire, Environmental Services, Water). These assignments were occasionally switched around with the exception of the Police Bureau of which the Mayor had always been Commissioner of based on tradition.

2022 Charter Reform

[edit]

Ballot Measure 26-228 in the November 2022 election was an amendment to the city charter that moved the city away from a commission system of government. It removes the five-person board that includes the mayor to a twelve-person board plus a separate mayor. The new city councilors will be elected using proportional multi-winner ranked-choice voting, with three members being elected each from four districts, instead of the standard first-past-the-post method. It also removes responsibility for direct management of city bureaus from commissioners to a city manager overseen by the mayor and confirmed by the council.[9] Previous attempts to reform the city charter had been defeated seven times since 1913,[10] including as recently as 2007. Portland is set to become the most-populated city to adopt the single transferable vote to elect city council members.

The first city council elections under the new districts occurred in 2024.[11] In preparation for transitioning management of city bureaus to a city manager, Mayor Ted Wheeler grouped city bureaus into five related service areas.[12]

On January 2, 2025, at the first meeting of the new council, Elana Pirtle-Guiney was elected council president in a 7 to 5 vote after 10 rounds. Tiffany Koyama Lane was elected vice president unanimously.[13]

Presidents

[edit]
 
No. Portrait Officeholder Tenure start Tenure end Vice President Mayor
1 Elana Pirtle-Guiney

(2nd–Vernon)

 January 2, 2025 Incumbent Tiffany Koyama Lane Keith Wilson

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Final Report - City of Portland, Independent Salary Commission". September 2023. p. 9.
  2. ^ "Learn more about the City of Portland's transition | Portland.gov". www.portland.gov. Retrieved January 10, 2025.
  3. ^ "City Government | Portland.gov". www.portland.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2023.
  4. ^ Oregonian/OregonLive, Shane Dixon Kavanaugh | The (November 8, 2024). "Frustrated Portland voters embrace new crop of progressive candidates as final Oregon election results are tallied". oregonlive. Retrieved July 17, 2025.
  5. ^ "One Thing Has Changed in Portland City Hall: The Socialists Are Setting the Agenda". Willamette Week. July 16, 2025. Retrieved July 17, 2025. Councilor Angelita Morillo asserts that a better Portland is possible. It's a catchphrase used often by the Portland chapter of the Democratic Socialists of America, to which Morillo belongs.
  6. ^ "Commission unanimously votes for new Portland voting district map". KOIN.com. August 17, 2023. Retrieved August 21, 2023.
  7. ^ McBain, Howard Lee. The Law and the Practice of Municipal Home Rule. pp. 598–599.
  8. ^ MacColl, E. Kimbark (1976). "Chapter 14 – The Fruits of Progressivism, 1913–1915". The Shaping of a City: Business and Politics in Portland, Oregon, 1885 to 1915. Portland, Oregon: The Georgian Press Company. pp. 443–445. ISBN 0-89174-043-0.
  9. ^ "Phase I: Proposed Ballot Measure Regarding the Structure of City Government | Portland.gov". www.portland.gov. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
  10. ^ "Ambitious Charter Reform Measure Appears Poised for Victory, Fundamentally Changing Portland City Hall". Willamette Week. November 9, 2022. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
  11. ^ "Massive change coming to Portland city government". opb. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
  12. ^ "Mayor Ted Wheeler Will Cluster and Reshuffle City Bureaus Come January in Effort to Ease Charter Transition". Willamette Week. November 10, 2022. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
  13. ^ "Elana Pirtle-Guiney Elected as Portland City Council President at New Body's First Meeting". Willamette Week. January 2, 2025. Retrieved January 3, 2025.
 
 

 

 

Portland is located in the United States
Portland
Portland
Location in the United States
Portland
City
Downtown Portland with Mount Hood in the background
Downtown Portland with Mount Hood in the background
St. Johns Bridge
St. Johns Bridge
Oregon Convention Center
Oregon Convention Center
Union Station and U.S. Bancorp Tower
Union Station and U.S. Bancorp Tower
Pioneer Courthouse Square
Pioneer Courthouse Square
Tilikum Crossing
Tilikum Crossing
Flag of Portland
Flag
Official seal of Portland
Seal
Nickname(s): 
"Rose City"; "Stumptown"; "PDX"; see Nicknames of Portland, Oregon for a complete list.
Motto: 
"The City that Works"[1]
Map
Interactive map outlining Portland
Portland is located in Oregon
Portland
Portland
Location in Oregon

Coordinates: 45°31′12″N 122°40′55″W / 45.52000°N 122.68194°W / 45.52000; -122.68194Country United StatesState OregonCountiesMultnomah
Washington
ClackamasFounded1845; 180 years ago (1845)IncorporatedFebruary 8, 1851; 174 years ago (1851-02-08)Named afterPortland, Maine[2]Government

 

 • TypeMayor–council government • BodyPortland City Council • MayorKeith Wilson • AuditorSimone Rede[3]Area

[4]
 • City

145.00 sq mi (375.55 km2) • Land133.49 sq mi (345.73 km2) • Water11.51 sq mi (29.82 km2) • Urban

 

519.30 sq mi (1,345.0 km2)Elevation

[5]

161 ft (49 m)Highest elevation

[6]

1,188 ft (362 m)Lowest elevation

[7] (Columbia River)

0.62 ft (0.19 m)Population

 (2020)[8]
 • City

652,503 • Rank74th in North America
28th in the United States
1st in Oregon • Density4,888.10/sq mi (1,887.30/km2) • Urban

 

2,104,238 (US: 23rd) • Urban density4,052.1/sq mi (1,564.5/km2) • Metro

[9]

2,511,612 (US: 25th)DemonymPortlanderGDP

[10]

 • Metro$218.894 billion (2023)Time zoneUTC– 08:00 (PST) • Summer (DST)UTC– 07:00 (PDT)ZIP Codes

97086, 97201-97225, 97227-97233, 97236, 97238-97240, 97242, 97250-97254, 97256, 97266-97269, 97280-97283, 97286, 97290-97294, 97296, 97298, 97214

Area codes503 and 971FIPS code41-59000GNIS ID2411471[5]Websiteportland.gov

Portland (/ˈpɔːrtlənd/ PORT-lənd) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Oregon. Located in the Pacific Northwest at the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers, it is the 28th-most populous city in the United States, sixth most populous on the West Coast, and third most populous in the Pacific Northwest (after Seattle and Vancouver, Canada) with a population of 652,503 at the 2020 census,[11] while the Portland metropolitan area with over 2.54 million residents is the 26th-largest metropolitan area in the nation. Almost half of Oregon's population resides within the Portland metro area.[a] It is the county seat of Multnomah County, Oregon's most populous county.

Named after Portland, Maine,[12] which is itself named after England's Isle of Portland, the Oregon settlement began to be populated near the end of the Oregon Trail in the 1840s. Its water access provided convenient transportation of goods, and the timber industry was a major force in the city's early economy. At the turn of the 20th century, the city had a reputation as one of the most dangerous port cities in the world, and was a hub for organized crime and racketeering; this reputation dissipated after its economy experienced an industrial boom during World War II, and it became known for its growing liberal and progressive political values from the 1960s onwards,[13] earning it a reputation as a bastion of counterculture exemplified by the popular slogan "Keep Portland Weird".[14] This aspect of the city has since been championed by organizations such as Weird Portland United[15] and the comedy series Portlandia (2011–2018).[16]

The city operates with a mayor–council government system, guided by a mayor and 12 city councilors, as well as Metro, the only directly elected metropolitan planning organization in the United States.[17][18] Its climate is marked by warm, dry summers and cool, rainy winters. This climate is ideal for growing roses, and Portland has been called the "City of Roses" for over a century.[19]

History

[edit]
Main article: History of Portland, Oregon
For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Portland, Oregon.

Before European settlement

[edit]

During the prehistoric period, the land that would become Portland was flooded after the collapse of glacial dams from Lake Missoula, in what would later become Montana. These massive floods occurred during the last ice age and filled the Willamette Valley with 300 to 400 feet (91 to 122 m) of water.[20]

Before American settlers began arriving in the 1800s, the land was inhabited for many centuries by two bands of indigenous Chinook people – the Multnomah and the Clackamas.[21] The Chinook people occupying the land were first documented in 1805 by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark.[22] Before its European settlement, the Portland Basin of the lower Columbia River and Willamette River valleys had been one of the most densely populated regions on the Pacific Coast.[22]

Establishment

[edit]
Pioneer Courthouse, 1886
1890 map of Portland

Large numbers of pioneer settlers began arriving in the Willamette Valley in the 1840s via the Oregon Trail with many arriving in nearby Oregon City.[23] A new settlement then emerged ten miles from the mouth of the Willamette River,[24] roughly halfway between Oregon City and Hudson's Bay Company's Fort Vancouver. This community was initially referred to as "Stumptown" and "The Clearing" because of the many trees cut down to allow for its growth.[25] In 1843 William Overton saw potential in the new settlement but lacked the funds to file an official land claim. For 25 cents, Overton agreed to share half of the 640-acre (2.6 km2) site with Asa Lovejoy of Boston.[26]

In 1844, Overton sold his remaining half of the claim to Francis W. Pettygrove of Portland, Maine. Both Pettygrove and Lovejoy wished to rename "The Clearing" after their respective hometowns (Lovejoy's being Boston, and Pettygrove's, Portland). This controversy was settled with a coin toss that Pettygrove won in a series of two out of three tosses, thereby providing Portland with its namesake.[2] The coin used for this decision, now known as the Portland Penny, is on display in the headquarters of the Oregon Historical Society. At the time of its incorporation on February 8, 1851, Portland had over 800 inhabitants,[27] a steam sawmill, a log cabin hotel, and a newspaper, the Weekly Oregonian. A major fire swept through downtown in August 1873, destroying twenty blocks on the west side of the Willamette along Yamhill and Morrison Streets, and causing $1.3 million in damage,[28] roughly equivalent to $34.1 million today.[29] By 1879, the population had grown to 17,500 and by 1890 it had grown to 46,385.[30] In 1888, the first steel bridge on the West Coast was opened in Portland,[31] the predecessor of the 1912 namesake Steel Bridge that survives today. In 1889, Henry Pittock's wife, Georgiana, established the Portland Rose Society. The annual Portland Rose Festival" is held here in June.[32] The movement to make Portland a "Rose City" started as the city was preparing for the 1905 Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition.[19]

Portland's access to the Pacific Ocean via the Willamette and Columbia rivers, as well as its easy access to the agricultural Tualatin Valley via the "Great Plank Road" (the route of current-day U.S. Route 26), provided the pioneer city with an advantage over other nearby ports, and it grew very quickly.[33] Portland remained the major port in the Pacific Northwest for much of the 19th century, until the 1890s, when Seattle's deepwater harbor was connected to the rest of the mainland by rail, affording an inland route without the treacherous navigation of the Columbia River. The city had its own Japantown,[34] for one, and the lumber industry also became a prominent economic presence, due to the area's large population of Douglas fir, western hemlock, red cedar, and big leaf maple trees.[22]

Portland waterfront in 1898

Portland developed a reputation early in its history as a hard-edged and gritty port town.[35] Some historians have described the city's early establishment as being a "scion of New England; an ends-of-the-earth home for the exiled spawn of the eastern established elite."[36] In 1889, The Oregonian called Portland "the most filthy city in the Northern States", due to the unsanitary sewers and gutters,[37] and, at the turn of the 20th century, it was considered one of the most dangerous port cities in the world.[38] The city housed a large number of saloons, bordellos, gambling dens, and boarding houses which were populated with miners after the California gold rush, as well as the multitude of sailors passing through the port.[35] By the early 20th century, the city had lost its reputation as a "sober frontier city" and garnered a reputation for being violent and dangerous.[35][39]

20th-century development

[edit]
The White Eagle Saloon (c. 1910), one of many in Portland that had reputed ties to illegal activities such as gambling rackets and prostitution[40]
Burnside Street, 1937

Between 1900 and 1930, the city's population tripled from nearly 100,000 to 301,815.[41] During World War II, it housed an "assembly center" from which up to 3,676 people of Japanese descent were dispatched to internment camps in the heartland. It was the first American city to have residents report thus,[42] and the Pacific International Livestock Exposition operated from May through September 10, 1942, processing people from the city, northern Oregon, and central Washington.[43] General John DeWitt called the city the first "Jap-free city on the West Coast".[42]

At the same time, Portland became a notorious hub for underground criminal activity and organized crime in the 1940s and 1950s.[44] In 1957, Life magazine published an article detailing the city's history of government corruption and crime, specifically its gambling rackets and illegal nightclubs.[44] The article, which focused on crime boss Jim Elkins, became the basis of a fictionalized film titled Portland Exposé (1957). In spite of the city's seedier undercurrent of criminal activity, Portland enjoyed an economic and industrial surge during World War II. Ship builder Henry J. Kaiser had been awarded contracts to build Liberty ships and aircraft carrier escorts, and chose sites in Portland and Vancouver, Washington, for work yards.[45] During this time, Portland's population rose by over 150,000, largely attributed to recruited laborers.[45]

During the 1960s, an influx of hippie subculture began to take root in the city in the wake of San Francisco's burgeoning countercultural scene.[13] The city's Crystal Ballroom became a hub for the city's psychedelic culture, while food cooperatives and listener-funded media and radio stations were established.[46] A large social activist presence evolved during this time as well, specifically concerning Native American rights, environmentalist causes, and gay rights.[46] By the 1970s, Portland had well established itself as a progressive city, and experienced an economic boom for the majority of the decade; however, the slowing of the housing market in 1979 caused demand for the city and state timber industries to drop significantly.[47]

Since 1990

[edit]
Aerial view of Portland and its bridges across the Willamette River

In the 1990s, the technology industry began to emerge in Portland, specifically with the establishment of companies such as Intel, which brought more than US$10 billion in investments in 1995 alone.[48] In the late 1990s, the Portland area was rated the fourth-least affordable place in the United States to purchase a new home.[49] After 2000, Portland experienced significant growth, with a population rise of over 90,000 between 2000 and 2014.[50] The city's increasing reputation for culture established it as a popular city for young people, and it was second only to Louisville, Kentucky, as one of the cities to attract and retain the highest number of college-educated people in the United States.[51] Between 2001 and 2012, Portland's gross domestic product per person grew by fifty percent, more than any other city in the country.[51]

The city acquired a diverse range of nicknames throughout its history, though it is most often called "Rose City" or "The City of Roses"[52] (unofficial nickname since 1888, official since 2003).[53] Another widely used nickname by local residents in everyday speech is "PDX", the airport code for Portland International Airport. Other nicknames include Bridgetown,[54] Stumptown,[55] Rip City,[56] Soccer City,[57][58] P-Town,[53][59] Portlandia, and the more antiquated Little Beirut.[60]

2020 George Floyd protests

[edit]
Main article: George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon
See also: 2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States § Activities in Portland, Oregon
George Floyd protests at the Mark O. Hatfield Courthouse, July 2020

From May 28, 2020, until spring 2021,[61] there were daily protests about the murder of George Floyd by police, and racial injustice. There were instances of looting, vandalism, and police actions causing injuries. One protestor was killed by an opposing one.[62][63][64][65] Local businesses reported losses totaling millions of dollars as the result of vandalism and looting, according to Oregon Public Broadcasting.[66] Some protests caused injury to protesters and police. In July, federal officers were deployed to safeguard federal property; their presence and tactics were criticized by Oregon officials, who demanded they leave, while lawsuits were filed against local and federal law enforcement alleging wrongful actions by them.[67][68][69][70]

On May 25, 2021, a protest to commemorate the one-year anniversary of Floyd's murder caused property damage, and was followed by a number of arrests.[71][72]

Geography

[edit]

Geology

[edit]
See also: Geology of the Pacific Northwest

Portland lies on top of a dormant volcanic field known as the Boring Lava Field, named after the nearby bedroom community of Boring.[73] The Boring Lava Field has at least 32 cinder cones such as Mount Tabor,[74] and its center lies in southeast Portland. Mount St. Helens, a highly active volcano 50 miles (80 km) northeast of the city in Washington state, is easily visible on clear days and is close enough to have dusted the city with volcanic ash after its eruption on May 18, 1980.[75] The rocks of the Portland area range in age from late Eocene to more recent eras.[76]

Multiple shallow, active faults traverse the Portland metropolitan area.[77] Among them are the Portland Hills Fault on the city's west side,[78] and the East Bank Fault on the east side.[79] According to a 2017 survey, several of these faults were characterized as "probably more of a hazard" than the Cascadia subduction zone due to their proximities to population centers, with the potential of producing magnitude 7 earthquakes.[77] Notable earthquakes that have impacted the Portland area in recent history include the 6.8-magnitude Nisqually earthquake in 2001, and a 5.6-magnitude earthquake that struck on March 25, 1993.[80][81]

Per a 2014 report, over 7,000 locations within the Portland area are at high risk for landslides and soil liquefaction in the event of a major earthquake, including much of the city's west side (such as Washington Park) and sections of Clackamas County.[82]

Topography

[edit]

Portland is 60 miles (97 km) east of the Pacific Ocean at the northern end of Oregon's most populated region, the Willamette Valley. Downtown Portland straddles the banks of the Willamette River, which flows north through the city center and separates the city's east and west neighborhoods. Less than 10 miles (16 km) from downtown, the Willamette River flows into the Columbia River, the fourth-largest river in the United States, which divides Oregon from Washington state. Portland is approximately 100 miles (160 km) upriver from the Pacific Ocean on the Columbia.

Though much of downtown Portland is relatively flat, the foothills of the Tualatin Mountains, more commonly referred to locally as the "West Hills", pierce through the northwest and southwest reaches of the city. Council Crest Park at 1,073 feet (327 m) is often quoted as the highest point in Portland; however, the highest point in Portland is on a section of NW Skyline Blvd just north of Willamette Stone Heritage site.[83] The highest point east of the river is Mt. Tabor, an extinct volcanic cinder cone, which rises to 636 feet (194 m). Nearby Powell Butte and Rocky Butte rise to 614 feet (187 m) and 612 feet (187 m), respectively. To the west of the Tualatin Mountains lies the Oregon Coast Range, and to the east lies the actively volcanic Cascade Range. On clear days, Mt. Hood and Mt. St. Helens dominate the horizon, while Mt. Adams and Mt. Rainier can also be seen in the distance.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 145.09 square miles (375.78 km2), of which 133.43 square miles (345.58 km2) is land and 11.66 square miles (30.20 km2) is water.[84] Although almost all of Portland is within Multnomah County, small portions of the city are within Clackamas and Washington counties.[85]

Climate

[edit]
Climate chart for Portland

Portland has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb), falling just short of a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa) with cool and rainy winters, and warm and dry summers.[86] This climate is characterized by having overcast, wet, and changing weather conditions in fall, winter, and spring, as Portland lies in the direct path of the stormy westerly flow, and warm, dry summers when the North Pacific High reaches its northernmost point in mid-summer.[87] Portland's USDA Plant Hardiness Zone is 8b, with parts of the Downtown area falling into zone 9a.[88]

Winters are cool, cloudy, and rainy. The coldest month is December with an average daily high temperature of 46.9 °F (8.3 °C), although overnight lows usually remain above freezing by a few degrees. Evening temperatures fall to or below freezing 32 nights per year on average, but very rarely below 18 °F (−8 °C). There are only 2.1 days per year where the daytime high temperature fails to rise above freezing; the mean for the lowest high is at the exact freezing point of 32 °F (0 °C).[89] The lowest overnight temperature ever recorded was −3 °F (−19 °C),[88] on February 2, 1950,[89] while the lowest daytime high temperature ever recorded was 14 °F (−10 °C) on December 30, 1968.[89] The average window in which freezing temperatures may occur is between November 15 and March 19, allowing a growing season of 240 days.[89]

Annual snowfall in Portland is 4.3 inches (10.9 cm), which usually falls between December and March.[90] The city of Portland avoids snow more frequently than its suburbs, due in part to its low elevation and the urban heat island effect. Neighborhoods outside of the downtown core, especially in slightly higher elevations near the West Hills and Mount Tabor, can experience a dusting of snow while downtown receives no accumulation at all. The city has experienced a few major snow and ice storms in its past, with extreme totals having reached 44.5 in (113 cm) at the airport in 1949–50 and 60.9 in (155 cm) at downtown in 1892–93.[91][92]

Portland's climate is conducive to the growth of roses. (Pictured: International Rose Test Garden)

Summers in Portland are warm, dry, and sunny, though the sunny warm weather is short-lived, from mid-June to early September.[93] June, July, August and September account for a combined 4.19 inches (106 mm) of total rainfall – only 11% of the 36.91 in (938 mm) of annual precipitation. The warmest month is August, with an average high temperature of 82.3 °F (27.9 °C). Because of its inland location 62 miles (100 km) from the coast, as well as the protective nature of the Oregon Coast Range to its west, Portland summers are less susceptible to the moderating influence of the nearby Pacific Ocean. Consequently, Portland occasionally experiences heat waves, with temperatures rising above 90 °F (32 °C) for a few days. However, on average, temperatures reach or exceed 80 °F (27 °C) on only 61 days per year, of which 15 days will reach 90 °F (32 °C) and only 1.3 days will reach 100 °F (38 °C). In 2018 more 90-degree days were recorded than ever before.[94]

On June 28, 2021, Portland recorded its all-time record high temperature of 116 °F (47 °C) and its warmest daily low temperature of 75 °F (24 °C) during a major regional heat wave.[95] The record had been broken for three consecutive days with daytime highs of 108 °F (42 °C) on June 26 and 112 °F (44 °C) on June 27; the previous record of 107 °F (42 °C) was set in July 1965 and matched twice in August 1981.[96][97] A temperature of 100 °F (38 °C) has been recorded in all five months from May through September. The warmest night of the year averages 68 °F (20 °C).[89]

Spring and fall can bring variable weather including high-pressure ridging that sends temperatures surging above 80 °F (27 °C) and cold fronts that plunge daytime temperatures into the 40s °F (4–9 °C). However, lengthy stretches of overcast days beginning in mid-fall and continuing into mid-spring are most common. Rain often falls as a light drizzle for several consecutive days at a time, contributing to 157 days on average with measurable (≥0.01 in or 0.25 mm) precipitation annually. Temperatures have reached 90 °F (32 °C) as early as April 30 and as late as October 5, while 80 °F (27 °C) has been reached as early as March 16 and as late as October 21. Thunderstorms are uncommon and tornadoes are very rare, although they do occur.[98][99]

Climate data for Portland, Oregon (PDX), 1991–2020 normals,[b] extremes 1940–present[c][101]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 66
(19)		 71
(22)		 82
(28)		 90
(32)		 100
(38)		 116
(47)		 107
(42)		 108
(42)		 105
(41)		 92
(33)		 73
(23)		 67
(19)		 116
(47)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 58.1
(14.5)		 60.1
(15.6)		 69.6
(20.9)		 78.4
(25.8)		 86.9
(30.5)		 91.7
(33.2)		 96.6
(35.9)		 96.7
(35.9)		 91.2
(32.9)		 77.6
(25.3)		 63.8
(17.7)		 58.3
(14.6)		 99.9
(37.7)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 47.5
(8.6)		 51.5
(10.8)		 56.8
(13.8)		 62.0
(16.7)		 69.3
(20.7)		 74.3
(23.5)		 81.9
(27.7)		 82.3
(27.9)		 76.7
(24.8)		 64.4
(18.0)		 53.5
(11.9)		 46.9
(8.3)		 63.9
(17.7)
Daily mean °F (°C) 41.9
(5.5)		 44.1
(6.7)		 48.3
(9.1)		 52.8
(11.6)		 59.4
(15.2)		 64.2
(17.9)		 70.2
(21.2)		 70.6
(21.4)		 65.4
(18.6)		 55.6
(13.1)		 47.1
(8.4)		 41.6
(5.3)		 55.1
(12.8)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 36.2
(2.3)		 36.8
(2.7)		 39.7
(4.3)		 43.7
(6.5)		 49.4
(9.7)		 54.1
(12.3)		 58.5
(14.7)		 58.9
(14.9)		 54.1
(12.3)		 46.7
(8.2)		 40.6
(4.8)		 36.2
(2.3)		 46.2
(7.9)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 25.1
(−3.8)		 25.9
(−3.4)		 30.4
(−0.9)		 34.8
(1.6)		 40.5
(4.7)		 47.3
(8.5)		 52.3
(11.3)		 51.8
(11.0)		 45.7
(7.6)		 36.0
(2.2)		 29.2
(−1.6)		 24.9
(−3.9)		 20.8
(−6.2)
Record low °F (°C) −2
(−19)		 −3
(−19)		 19
(−7)		 29
(−2)		 29
(−2)		 39
(4)		 43
(6)		 44
(7)		 34
(1)		 26
(−3)		 13
(−11)		 3
(−16)		 −3
(−19)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 5.03
(128)		 3.68
(93)		 3.97
(101)		 2.89
(73)		 2.51
(64)		 1.63
(41)		 0.51
(13)		 0.54
(14)		 1.52
(39)		 3.42
(87)		 5.45
(138)		 5.77
(147)		 36.92
(938)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 1.7
(4.3)		 1.2
(3.0)		 0.1
(0.25)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 1.2
(3.0)		 4.2
(11)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 18.7 15.7 17.8 17.4 13.2 9.2 3.7 3.6 6.7 13.5 18.3 19.2 157.0
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.8 2.9
Average relative humidity (%) 80.9 78.0 74.6 71.6 68.7 65.8 62.8 64.8 69.4 77.9 81.5 82.7 73.2
Average dew point °F (°C) 33.6
(0.9)		 36.1
(2.3)		 38.3
(3.5)		 40.8
(4.9)		 45.3
(7.4)		 49.8
(9.9)		 52.9
(11.6)		 53.8
(12.1)		 50.7
(10.4)		 46.2
(7.9)		 40.3
(4.6)		 35.1
(1.7)		 43.6
(6.4)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 85.6 116.4 191.1 221.1 276.1 290.2 331.9 298.1 235.7 151.7 79.3 63.7 2,340.9
Percentage possible sunshine 30 40 52 54 60 62 70 68 63 45 28 23 52
Source: NOAA (relative humidity, dewpoint and sun 1961–1990)[89][102][103]
Climate data for Portland Downtown, Oregon (1991–2020 normals),[104] (extremes 1874–present)[100]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 65
(18)		 75
(24)		 83
(28)		 93
(34)		 103
(39)		 114
(46)		 107
(42)		 106
(41)		 103
(39)		 92
(33)		 73
(23)		 67
(19)		 114
(46)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 57.4
(14.1)		 60.3
(15.7)		 69.9
(21.1)		 78.5
(25.8)		 87.1
(30.6)		 90.9
(32.7)		 95.9
(35.5)		 95.8
(35.4)		 90.3
(32.4)		 76.9
(24.9)		 63.3
(17.4)		 57.8
(14.3)		 99.1
(37.3)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 46.9
(8.3)		 50.5
(10.3)		 55.8
(13.2)		 60.7
(15.9)		 68.0
(20.0)		 72.9
(22.7)		 80.3
(26.8)		 80.6
(27.0)		 74.9
(23.8)		 62.9
(17.2)		 52.3
(11.3)		 45.9
(7.7)		 62.6
(17.0)
Daily mean °F (°C) 42.1
(5.6)		 44.7
(7.1)		 48.3
(9.1)		 52.5
(11.4)		 58.7
(14.8)		 63.1
(17.3)		 69.1
(20.6)		 69.6
(20.9)		 65.0
(18.3)		 55.4
(13.0)		 46.9
(8.3)		 41.6
(5.3)		 54.8
(12.7)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 37.3
(2.9)		 38.8
(3.8)		 40.9
(4.9)		 44.2
(6.8)		 49.4
(9.7)		 53.3
(11.8)		 57.9
(14.4)		 58.6
(14.8)		 55.1
(12.8)		 47.9
(8.8)		 41.6
(5.3)		 37.3
(2.9)		 46.9
(8.3)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 27.7
(−2.4)		 28.9
(−1.7)		 32.7
(0.4)		 36.3
(2.4)		 40.8
(4.9)		 46.0
(7.8)		 51.0
(10.6)		 51.6
(10.9)		 46.7
(8.2)		 38.5
(3.6)		 31.8
(−0.1)		 27.2
(−2.7)		 23.1
(−4.9)
Record low °F (°C) −2
(−19)		 7
(−14)		 20
(−7)		 28
(−2)		 31
(−1)		 39
(4)		 43
(6)		 43
(6)		 35
(2)		 29
(−2)		 11
(−12)		 3
(−16)		 −2
(−19)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 6.36
(162)		 4.74
(120)		 4.83
(123)		 3.63
(92)		 2.58
(66)		 1.49
(38)		 0.43
(11)		 0.54
(14)		 1.58
(40)		 3.96
(101)		 6.58
(167)		 7.53
(191)		 44.07
(1,119)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 1.3
(3.3)		 1.4
(3.6)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.9
(2.3)		 3.6
(9.1)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 18.7 15.7 17.8 17.4 13.2 9.2 3.7 3.6 6.7 13.5 18.3 19.2 157.0
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.8 2.9
Average relative humidity (%) 80.9 78.0 74.6 71.6 68.7 65.8 62.8 64.8 69.4 77.9 81.5 82.7 73.2
Average dew point °F (°C) 33.6
(0.9)		 36.1
(2.3)		 38.3
(3.5)		 40.8
(4.9)		 45.3
(7.4)		 49.8
(9.9)		 52.9
(11.6)		 53.8
(12.1)		 50.7
(10.4)		 46.2
(7.9)		 40.3
(4.6)		 35.1
(1.7)		 43.6
(6.4)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 85.6 116.4 191.1 221.1 276.1 290.2 331.9 298.1 235.7 151.7 79.3 63.7 2,340.9
Percentage possible sunshine 30 40 52 54 60 62 70 68 63 45 28 23 52
Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961−1990)[89][100][104]

See or edit raw graph data.

Cityscape

[edit]
See also: Architecture of Portland, Oregon; List of tallest buildings in Portland, Oregon; and Downtown Portland

Portland's cityscape derives much of its character from the many bridges that span the Willamette River downtown, several of which are historic landmarks, and Portland has been nicknamed "Bridgetown" for many decades as a result.[54] Three of downtown's most heavily used bridges are more than 100 years old and are designated historic landmarks: Hawthorne Bridge (1910), Steel Bridge (1912), and Broadway Bridge (1913). Portland's newest bridge in the downtown area, Tilikum Crossing, opened in 2015 and is the first new bridge to span the Willamette in Portland since the 1973 opening of the double-decker Fremont Bridge.[105]

Other bridges that span the Willamette River in the downtown area include the Burnside Bridge, the Ross Island Bridge (both built 1926), and the double-decker Marquam Bridge (built 1966). Other bridges outside the downtown area include the Sellwood Bridge (built 2016) to the south; and the St. Johns Bridge, a Gothic revival suspension bridge built in 1931, to the north. The Glenn L. Jackson Memorial Bridge and the Interstate Bridge provide access from Portland across the Columbia River into Washington state.

Panorama of downtown Portland in the day. Hawthorne Bridge viewed from a dock on the Willamette River near the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry.
Panorama of downtown Portland in the evening against the backdrop of Mount Hood, viewed from Pittock Mansion.
 
The Willamette River runs through the center of the city, while Mount Tabor (center) rises on the city's east side. Mount St. Helens (left) and Mount Hood (right center) are visible from many places in the city.

Addressing sections

[edit]
The five previous addressing sectors of Portland, prior to the addition of South Portland

The Willamette River, which flows north through downtown, serves as the natural boundary between East and West Portland. The denser and earlier-developed west side extends into the lap of the West Hills, while the flatter east side extends for roughly 180 blocks until it meets the suburb of Gresham. In 1891 the cities of Portland, Albina, and East Portland were consolidated, creating inconsistent patterns of street names and addresses. It was not unusual for a street name to be duplicated in disparate areas. The "Great Renumbering" on September 2, 1931, standardized street naming patterns and divided Portland into five "general districts", North, Northwest, Northeast, Southeast, and Southwest (which includes downtown Portland). House numbers were also changed from 20 per block to 100 per block and adopted a single street name on a grid. For example, the 200 block north of Burnside is either NW Davis Street or NE Davis Street throughout the entire city.[106]

With the recent addition of South Portland, Portland now has six addressing sections. All addresses and streets within the city are prefixed by N, NW, NE, S, SW or SE with the exception of Burnside Street, which is prefixed with W or E. The Willamette River divides the city into east and west while Burnside, which traverses the entire city lengthwise, divides the north and south. Northeast, Southeast, Southwest, and Northwest Portland are respectively north or south of Burnside, and east or west of the Willamette. North Portland is a triangular peninsula bounded on the north by the Columbia River, on the east by N Williams Avenue, and on the west by the Willamette River as it bends to the northwest. South Portland was established on May 1, 2020, from a former part of Southwest Portland where the Willamette bends east of the nominal North-South meridian. House numbers numbers on east–west streets in this area formerly had a leading zero, which was dropped as the street prefix (including north–south streets) was changed from Southwest to South. For example, the current address of 246 S California St. was formerly 0246 SW California St. and the current address of 4310 S Macadam Ave. was formerly 4310 SW Macadam Ave.

The new South Portland addressing section was approved by the Portland City Council on June 6, 2018[107] and is bounded by SW Naito Parkway, SW View Point Terrace and the Tryon Creek State Natural Area to the west, SW Clay Street to the north, the Willamette River to the east, and city limits to the south.[108] In 2018, the city's Bureau of Transportation finalized a plan to transition this part of Portland into South Portland, beginning on May 1, 2020, to reduce confusion by 9-1-1 dispatchers and delivery services.[109] With the addition of South Portland, all six addressing sectors (N, NE, NW, S, SE and SW) are now officially known as sextants.[110]

Neighborhoods

[edit]
See also: Neighborhoods of Portland, Oregon
Pearl District (left) from the Steel Bridge

The five previous addressing sections of Portland, which were colloquially known as quadrants despite there being five,[111][112] have developed distinctive identities, with mild cultural differences and friendly rivalries between their residents, especially between those who live east of the Willamette River versus west of the river.[113]

The Pearl District in Northwest Portland, which was largely occupied by warehouses, light industry and railroad classification yards in the early to mid-20th century, now houses upscale art galleries, restaurants, and retail stores, and is one of the wealthiest neighborhoods in the city.[114] Areas further west of the Pearl District include neighborhoods known as Uptown and Nob Hill, as well as the Alphabet District and NW 23rd Ave., a major shopping street lined with clothing boutiques and other upscale retail, mixed with cafes and restaurants.[115]

 

Lloyd District from downtown Portland

Northeast Portland is home to the Lloyd District, Alberta Arts District, and the Hollywood District. North Portland is largely residential and industrial. It contains Kelley Point Park, the northernmost point of the city. It also contains the St. Johns neighborhood, which is historically one of the most ethnically diverse and poorest neighborhoods in the city.[116]

Old Town Chinatown is next to the Pearl District in Northwest Portland. In 1890 it was the second largest Chinese community in the United States.[117] In 2017, the crime rate was several times above the city average. This neighborhood has been called Portland's skid row.[118]

Ladd Carriage House, downtown Portland
The United States National Bank Building, downtown Portland

Southwest Portland is largely residential. Downtown district, made up of commercial businesses, museums, skyscrapers, and public landmarks represents a small area within the southwest address section. Portland's South Waterfront area has been developing into a dense neighborhood of shops, condominiums, and apartments starting in the mid-2000s. Development in this area is ongoing.[119] The area is served by the Portland Streetcar, the MAX Orange Line and four TriMet bus lines. This former industrial area sat as a brownfield prior to development in the mid-2000s.[120]

Southeast Portland is largely residential, and consists of several neighborhoods, including Hawthorne District, Belmont, Brooklyn, and Mount Tabor. Reed College, a private liberal arts college that was founded in 1908, is located within the confines of Southeast Portland as is Mount Tabor, a volcanic landform.

South Portland includes the Lair Hill, Johns Landing and South Waterfront districts and Lewis & Clark College as well as the Riverdale area of unincorporated Multnomah County south of the Portland city limits.

Demographics

[edit]
See also: Gentrification of Portland, Oregon
Historical population
Census Pop. Note %±
1860 2,874   —
1870 8,293   188.6%
1880 17,577   111.9%
1890 46,385   163.9%
1900 90,426   94.9%
1910 207,214   129.2%
1920 258,288   24.6%
1930 301,815   16.9%
1940 305,394   1.2%
1950 373,628   22.3%
1960 372,676   −0.3%
1970 382,619   2.7%
1980 366,383   −4.2%
1990 437,319   19.4%
2000 529,121   21.0%
2010 583,776   10.3%
2020 652,503   11.8%
2024 (est.) 635,749 [121] −2.6%

Ethnicity

[edit]
Main article: Ethnic groups in Portland, Oregon
See also: History of Chinese Americans in Portland, Oregon; History of Koreans in Portland, Oregon; History of the Japanese in Portland, Oregon; and Hispanics and Latinos in Portland, Oregon
Ethnicities
Demographic profile 2023[121] 2020[122] 2010[123] 1990[124] 1970[124] 1940[124]
White (Non-Hispanic White) 67.0% 66.4% 76.1% 84.6% 92.2% 98.1%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 11.3% 11.1% 9.4% 3.2% 1.7%[d] —
Two or More Races 11.3% 10.7% 4.7% — — —
Asian 8.1% 8.1% 7.1% 5.3% 1.3% 1.2%
Black or African American 5.8% 5.9% 6.3% 7.7% 5.6% 0.6%
American Indian and Alaska Native 0.8% 1.1% 1.0% — — —
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0.5% 0.6% 0.5% — — —
Graph showing the city's population growth from 1850 to 2010[125]

The 2020 census reported the city as 68.8% White (449,025 people), 8.1% Asian (52,854), 5.9% Black or African American (38,217), 1.1% Native American (7,335), 0.6% Pacific Islander (3,919), and 10.7% from two or more races (69,898).[122] 11.1% were Hispanic or Latino, of any race (72,336). Whites not of Hispanic origin made up 66.4% of the total population.[122]

The 2010 census reported the city as 76.1% White (444,254 people), 7.1% Asian (41,448), 6.3% Black or African American (36,778), 1.0% Native American (5,838), 0.5% Pacific Islander (2,919), 4.7% belonging to two or more racial groups (24,437) and 5.0% from other races (28,987).[123] 9.4% were Hispanic or Latino, of any race (54,840). Whites not of Hispanic origin made up 72.2% of the total population.[123]

In 1940, Portland's African-American population was approximately 2,000 and largely consisted of railroad employees and their families.[126] During the war-time Liberty Ship construction boom, the need for workers drew many Black people to the city. The new influx of Black people settled in specific neighborhoods, such as the Albina district and Vanport. The May 1948 flood which destroyed Vanport eliminated the only integrated neighborhood, and an influx of blacks into the northeast quadrant of the city continued.[126] Portland's longshoremen racial mix was described as being "lily-white" in the 1960s when the local International Longshore and Warehouse Union declined to represent grain handlers since some were black.[127]

Ethnic origins in Portland
Racial/Ethnic Makeup of Portland (2020)[122]
NH=Non-Hispanic
  1. White NH (66.4%)
  2. Black NH (5.70%)
  3. Native American NH (0.70%)
  4. Asian NH (8.00%)
  5. Pacific Islander NH (0.60%)
  6. Other race NH (0.60%)
  7. Multi-racial NH (7.00%)
  8. Hispanic Any Race (11.1%)

Over two-thirds of Oregon's African-American residents live in Portland.[126] As of the 2000 census, three of its high schools (Cleveland, Lincoln and Wilson) were over 70% White, reflecting the overall population, while Jefferson High School was 87% non-White. The remaining six schools have a higher number of non-Whites, including Blacks and Asians. Hispanic students average from 3.3% at Wells to 31% at Roosevelt.[128]

Portland residents identifying solely as Asian Americans account for 7.1% of the population; an additional 1.8% is partially of Asian heritage. Vietnamese Americans make up 2.2% of Portland's population, and make up the largest Asian ethnic group in the city, followed by Chinese (1.7%), Filipinos (0.6%), Japanese (0.5%), Koreans (0.4%), Laotians (0.4%), Hmong (0.2%), and Cambodians (0.1%).[129] A small population of Iu Mien live in Portland. Portland has two Chinatowns, with New Chinatown in the 'Jade District' along SE 82nd Avenue with Chinese supermarkets, Hong Kong style noodle houses, dim sum, and Vietnamese phở restaurants.[130]

With about 12,000 Vietnamese residing in the city proper, Portland has one of the largest Vietnamese populations in America per capita.[131] According to statistics, there are over 4,500 Pacific Islanders in Portland, making up 0.7% of the city's population.[132] There is a Tongan community in Portland, who arrived in the area in the 1970s, and Tongans and Pacific Islanders as a whole are one of the fastest-growing ethnic groups in the Portland area.[133]

Portland's population has been and remains predominantly White. In 1940, Whites were over 98% of the city's population.[134] In 2009, Portland had the fifth-highest percentage of White residents among the 40 largest U.S. metropolitan areas. A 2007 survey of the 40 largest cities in the U.S. concluded Portland's urban core has the highest percentage of White residents.[135] Some scholars have noted the Pacific Northwest as a whole is "one of the last Caucasian bastions of the United States".[136] While Portland's diversity was historically comparable to metro Seattle and Salt Lake City, those areas grew more diverse in the late 1990s and 2000s. Portland not only remains White, but migration to Portland is disproportionately White.[135][137]

The Oregon Territory banned African American settlement in 1849. In the 19th century, certain laws allowed the immigration of Chinese laborers but prohibited them from owning property or bringing their families.[135][138][139] The early 1920s saw the rapid growth of the Ku Klux Klan, which became very influential in Oregon politics, culminating in the election of Walter M. Pierce as governor.[138][139][140]

The largest influxes of minority populations occurred during World War II, as the African American population grew by a factor of 10 for wartime work.[135] After World War II, the Vanport flood in 1948 displaced many African Americans. As they resettled, redlining directed the displaced workers from the wartime settlement to neighboring Albina.[136][139][141] There and elsewhere in Portland, they experienced police hostility, lack of employment, and mortgage discrimination, leading to half the black population leaving after the war.[135]

In the 1980s and 1990s, radical skinhead groups flourished in Portland.[139] In 1988, Mulugeta Seraw, an Ethiopian immigrant, was killed by three skinheads. The response to his murder involved a community-driven series of rallies, campaigns, nonprofits and events designed to address Portland's racial history, leading to a city considered significantly more tolerant than in 1988 at Seraw's death.[142]

Portland has a substantial Roma population.[143]

76% of Latinos in Portland are of Mexican heritage.[144]

Italians and Russian Jews had a very visible presence in Portland.[145]

Households

[edit]

As of the 2010 census, there were 583,776 people living in the city, organized into 235,508 households. The population density was 4,375.2 people per square mile. There were 265,439 housing units at an average density of 1,989.4 per square mile (768.1/km2). Population growth in Portland increased 10.3% between 2000 and 2010.[146] Population growth in the Portland metropolitan area has outpaced the national average during the last decade, and this is expected to continue over the next 50 years.[147]

Out of 223,737 households, 24.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.1% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.1% were non-families. 34.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.3 and the average family size was 3. The age distribution was 21.1% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 34.7% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $40,146, and the median income for a family was $50,271. Males had a reported median income of $35,279 versus $29,344 reported for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,643. 13.1% of the population and 8.5% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 15.7% of those under the age of 18 and 10.4% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. Figures delineating the income levels based on race are not available at this time. According to the Modern Language Association, in 2010 80.9% (539,885) percent of Multnomah County residents ages 5 and over spoke English as their primary language at home.[148] 8.1% of the population spoke Spanish (54,036), with Vietnamese speakers making up 1.9%, and Russian 1.5%.[148]

Social

[edit]

The Portland metropolitan area has historically had a significant LGBT population throughout the late 20th and early 21st century.[149][150] In 2015, the city metro had the second highest percentage of LGBT residents in the United States with 5.4% of residents identifying as gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender, second only to San Francisco.[151] In 2006, it was reported to have the seventh highest LGB population in the country, with 8.8% of residents identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual, and the metro ranking fourth in the nation at 6.1%.[152] The city held its first pride festival in 1975 on the Portland State University campus.[153]

Religion

[edit]
Main article: Religion in Portland, Oregon
First Presbyterian Church in downtown

Portland has been cited as the least religious city in the United States with over 42% of residents identifying as religiously "unaffiliated",[154] according to the nonpartisan and nonprofit Public Religion Research Institute's American Values Atlas.[155]

Religious affiliation (2020)[156]
     
Unaffiliated
 
 64%
Catholic
 
 15.3%
Protestant
 
 14.8%
Latter-day Saint (Mormon)
 
 2.3%
Orthodox
 
 0.5%
Buddhist
 
 1.2%
Jewish
 
 0.9%
Muslim
 
 0.3%
Hindu
 
 0.3%
Other faiths
 
 0.4%

Homelessness

[edit]
Tent camps setup on the sidewalk in the Lloyd District neighborhood.

A 2019 survey by the city's budget office showed that homelessness is perceived as the top challenge facing Portland, and was cited as a reason people move and do not participate in park programs.[157] Calls to 911 concerning "unwanted persons" have significantly increased between 2013 and 2018, and the police are increasingly dealing with homeless and mentally ill.[158] Homelessness has taken a toll on the sense of safety among visitors, and residents and business owners are adversely impacted.[159] Even though homeless services and shelter beds have increased, as of 2020 homelessness is considered an intractable problem in Portland.[160]

The proposed budget for 2022–23 includes $5.8MM to buy land for affordable housing, and $36MM to equip and operate "safe rest villages".[161] A 2022 initiative approved by the Portland city council makes homeless camping illegal, eventually requiring homeless individuals to move into mass shelters.[162]

Crime

[edit]

According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Report in 2009, Portland ranked 53rd in violent crime out of the top 75 U.S. cities with a population greater than 250,000.[163] The murder rate in Portland in 2013 averaged 2.3 murders per 100,000 people per year, which was lower than the national average. In 2011, 72% of arrested male subjects tested positive for illegal drugs and the city was dubbed the "deadliest drug market in the Pacific Northwest" due to drug related deaths.[164] In 2010, ABC's Nightline reported that Portland is one of the largest hubs for child sex trafficking.[165] Car theft rates in Portland are the fifth highest of any US metropolitan area as of 2023.[166][167] According to the Los Angeles Times in 2023: "Shootings in the city have tripled" and "Lower-level crimes have spiked too: More than 11,000 vehicles were stolen in 2022, up from 6,500 in 2019."[168]

In the Portland Metropolitan statistical area which includes Clackamas, Columbia, Multnomah, Washington, and Yamhill Counties, OR and Clark and Skamania Counties, WA for 2017, the murder rate was 2.6, violent crime was 283.2 per 100,000 people per year. In 2017, the population within the city of Portland was 649,408 and there were 24 murders and 3,349 violent crimes.[169]

Portland's 101 homicides in 2022 set a new record.[170] For 2021 year, Portland recorded 90 homicides, compared with 20 in 2016, and 27 in 2017.[171]

As of 2025, violent crime in the city saw a marked decline, representing the highest drop of any city covered by the Major City Chiefs Mid Year Report at a 51% decrease from 2024.[172] The city saw just 17 homicides in the period from Jan 1, 2025 to June 30th as opposed to 35 during the same time frame in the previous year. [173]

Economy

[edit]
See also: Companies based in Portland, Oregon
Adidas has its North American headquarters in the Overlook neighborhood

Portland's location is beneficial for several industries. Relatively low energy cost, accessible resources, north–south and east–west Interstates, international air terminals, large marine shipping facilities, and both west coast intercontinental railroads are all economic advantages.[174]

The city's marine terminals alone handle over 13 million tons of cargo per year, and the port is home to one of the largest commercial dry docks in the country.[175][176] The Port of Portland is the third-largest export tonnage port on the west coast of the U.S., and being about 80 miles (130 km) upriver, it is the largest fresh-water port.[174]

The scrap steel industry's history in Portland predates World War II. Radius Recycling (formerly Schnitzer Steel), a major scrap recycler is headquartered in the KOIN Tower in Portland.[177] Other heavy industry companies in Portland include ESCO Group,[178] and Evraz Oregon Steel Mills.[179]

Technology is a major component of the city's economy, with more than 1,200 technology companies existing within the metro.[174] This high density of technology companies has led to the nickname Silicon Forest being used to describe the Portland area, a reference to the abundance of trees in the region and to the Silicon Valley region in Northern California.[180] The area also hosts facilities for software companies and online startup companies, some supported by local seed funding organizations and business incubators.[181] Computer components manufacturer Intel is the Portland area's largest employer, providing jobs for more than 15,000 people, with several campuses to the west of central Portland in the city of Hillsboro.[174]

The Portland metro area has become a business cluster for athletic/outdoor gear and footwear manufacturer's headquarters. The area is home to the global, North American or U.S. headquarters of Nike (the only Fortune 500 company headquartered in Oregon), Adidas, Columbia Sportswear, LaCrosse Footwear, Dr. Martens, Li-Ning,[182] Keen,[183] Hi-Tec Sports,[184] and Snow Peak.[185] While headquartered elsewhere, Merrell, Amer Sports and Under Armour have design studios and local offices in the Portland area.

Other notable Portland-based companies include industrial goods and metal fabrication company Precision Castparts, film animation studio Laika; commercial vehicle manufacturer Daimler Trucks North America; advertising firm Wieden+Kennedy; bankers Umpqua Holdings; child care and early childhood education provider KinderCare Learning Centers; and retailers Fred Meyer, New Seasons Market, Storables, and Powell's Books.

Breweries are another major industry in Portland, which is home to 139 breweries/microbreweries, the 7th most in the nation, as of December 2018.[186] Additionally, the city boasts a robust coffee culture that now rivals Seattle and hosts over 20 coffee roasters.[187]

Top Employers

[edit]

As of 2024, Portland's top employers were:[188]

Rank Employer Employees in 2024 Employees in 2015 2024 Share 2015 Share
1 Intel Increase 23,192 17,500 Increase 1.78% 1.56%
2 Oregon Health & Science University Increase 20,917 14,616 Increase 1.61% 1.30%
3 Providence Health & Services Increase 20,700 15,239 Increase 1.59% 1.36%
4 Kaiser Foundation Increase 13,086 11,881 Decrease 1.01% 1.06%
5 Nike Increase 10,700 8,000 Increase 0.82% 0.71%
6 Fred Meyer Decrease 9,000 10,237 Decrease 0.69% 0.91%
7 Portland Public Schools Increase 7,638 - Increase 0.59% -
8 City of Portland Decrease 6,631 8,558 Decrease 0.51% 0.76%
9 Multnomah County Increase 5,626 - Increase 0.43% -
10 Beaverton School District Increase 5,432 - Increase 0.42% -

Housing

[edit]

In 2016, home prices in Portland grew faster than in any other city in the United States.[189] Apartment rental costs in Portland reported in November 2019 was $1,337 for two bedroom and $1,133 for one bedroom.[190]

In 2017, developers projected an additional 6,500 apartments to be built in the Portland Metro Area over the next year.[191] However, as of December 2019, the number of homes available for rent or purchase in Portland continues to shrink. Over the past year, housing prices in Portland have risen 2.5%. Housing prices in Portland continue to rise, the median price rising from $391,400 in November 2018 to $415,000 in November 2019.[192] There has been a rise of people from out of state moving to Portland, which impacts housing availability. Because of the demand for affordable housing and influx of new residents, more Portlanders in their 20s and 30s are still living in their parents' homes.[193] There is a considerable amount of "Airbnb type" rentals in the city. An audit in 2018 located around 4,600 listings, of which 80% were illegally operated.[194][195]

Arts and culture

[edit]

Music, film, and performing arts

[edit]
See also: Music of Oregon; Cinemas in Portland, Oregon; and List of films shot in Northwestern Oregon
The Sagebrush Symphony, an early incarnation of the Portland Youth Philharmonic, performing in Burns c. 1916

Portland is home to a range of classical performing arts institutions including the Portland Opera, Portland Baroque Orchestra, Oregon Symphony and Portland Youth Philharmonic; the last of these, established in 1924, was the first youth orchestra established in the United States.[196] The city is also home to several theaters and performing arts institutions including the Oregon Ballet Theatre, Northwest Children's Theatre, Portland Center Stage, Artists Repertory Theatre, Curious Comedy Theatre and Miracle Theatre.

In 2013, The Guardian named the city's music scene as one of the "most vibrant" in the United States.[197] Portland is home to famous bands such as the Kingsmen and Paul Revere & the Raiders, both famous for their association with the song "Louie Louie" (1963).[198] Other widely known musical groups include the Dandy Warhols, Quarterflash, Everclear, Pink Martini, Sleater-Kinney, Blitzen Trapper, the Decemberists, and Elliott Smith. More recently, Portugal. The Man, Modest Mouse, and the Shins have made their home in Portland. In the 1980s, the city was home to a burgeoning punk scene, which included bands such as the Wipers and Dead Moon.[199] The city's now-demolished Satyricon nightclub was a punk venue where Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain first encountered his future wife and Hole frontwoman Courtney Love in 1990.[200] Love was then a resident of Portland and started several bands there with Kat Bjelland, later of Babes in Toyland.[201][202] Multi-Grammy award-winning jazz artist Esperanza Spalding is from Portland and performed with the Chamber Music Society of Oregon at a young age.[203]

A wide range of films have been shot in Portland, from various independent features to major big-budget productions. Director Gus Van Sant has notably set and shot many of his films in the city.[204] The city has also been featured in various television programs, notably the IFC sketch comedy series Portlandia. The series, which ran for eight seasons from 2011 to 2018,[205] was shot on location in Portland, and satirized the city as a hub of liberal politics, organic food, alternative lifestyles, and anti-establishment attitudes.[206] MTV's long-time running reality show The Real World was also shot in Portland for the show's 29th season: The Real World: Portland premiered on MTV in 2013.[207] Other television series shot in the city include Leverage, The Librarians,[208] Under Suspicion, Grimm, and Nowhere Man.[209]

An unusual feature of Portland entertainment is the large number of movie theaters serving beer, often with second-run or revival films.[210] Notable examples of these "brew and view" theaters include the Bagdad Theater and Pub, a former vaudeville theater built in 1927 by Universal Studios;[211] Cinema 21; and the Laurelhurst Theater, in operation since 1923. Portland hosts the world's longest-running H. P. Lovecraft Film Festival[212] at the Hollywood Theatre.[213]

Museums and recreation

[edit]
See also: List of museums in Portland, Oregon; Tourism in Portland, Oregon; and List of artists and art institutions in Portland, Oregon
Oregon Museum of Science and Industry (OMSI)

Portland is home to numerous museums and educational institutions, ranging from art museums to institutions devoted to science and wildlife. Among the science-oriented institutions are the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry (OMSI), which consists of five main halls and other ticketed attractions, such as the USS Blueback submarine,[214] the ultra-large-screen Empirical Theater (which replaced an OMNIMAX theater in 2013),[215] and the Kendall Planetarium.[216] The World Forestry Center Discovery Museum, located in the city's Washington Park area, offers educational exhibits on forests and forest-related subjects. Also located in Washington Park are the Hoyt Arboretum, the International Rose Test Garden, the Japanese Garden, and the Oregon Zoo.[217]

Portland Art Museum

The Portland Art Museum owns the city's largest art collection and presents a variety of touring exhibitions each year and, with the recent addition of the Modern and Contemporary Art wing, it became one of the United States' 25 largest museums. The Oregon Historical Society Museum, founded in 1898, which has a variety of books, film, pictures, artifacts, and maps dating back throughout Oregon's history. It houses permanent and temporary exhibits about Oregon history, and hosts traveling exhibits about the history of the United States.[218]

Oaks Amusement Park, in the Sellwood district of Southeast Portland, is the city's only amusement park and is also one of the country's longest-running amusement parks. It has operated since 1905 and was known as the "Coney Island of the Northwest" upon its opening.[219]

Cuisine and breweries

[edit]
Widmer Brewing Company headquarters

Food carts are extremely popular within the city, with over 600 licensed carts.[220][221] The city is home to Stumptown Coffee Roasters as well as dozens of other micro-roasteries and cafes.[222]

Portland has 58 active breweries within city limits,[223] and 70+ within the surrounding metro area.[223] and data compiled by the Brewers Association ranks Portland seventh in the United States as of 2018.[224]

Portland hosts a number of festivals throughout the year that celebrate beer and brewing, including the Oregon Brewers Festival, held in Tom McCall Waterfront Park. Held each summer during the last full weekend of July, it is the largest outdoor craft beer festival in North America, with over 70,000 attendees in 2008.[225] Other major beer festivals throughout the calendar year include the Spring Beer and Wine Festival in April, the North American Organic Brewers Festival in June, the Portland International Beerfest in July,[226] and the Holiday Ale Festival in December.

Sustainability

[edit]

The city became a pioneer of state-directed metropolitan planning, a program which was instituted statewide in 1969 to compact the urban growth boundaries of the city.[227] Portland was the first city to enact a comprehensive plan to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.[228]

Free speech and public nudity

[edit]
Protests against the Iraq War on March 19, 2006

Strong free speech protections of the Oregon Constitution upheld by the Oregon Supreme Court in State v. Henry,[229] specifically found that full nudity and lap dances in strip clubs are protected speech.[230] Portland has the highest number of strip clubs per-capita in a city in the United States, and Oregon ranks as the highest state for per-capita strip clubs.[231]

In November 2008, a Multnomah County judge dismissed charges against a nude bicyclist arrested on June 26, 2008. The judge stated that the city's annual World Naked Bike Ride – held each year in June since 2004 – has created a "well-established tradition" in Portland where cyclists may ride naked as a form of protest against cars and fossil fuel dependence.[232] The defendant was not riding in the official World Naked Bike Ride at the time of his arrest as it had occurred 12 days earlier that year, on June 14.[233]

Protests

[edit]
Main article: Protests in Portland, Oregon

From November 10 to 12, 2016, protests in Portland turned into a riot, when a group broke off from a larger group of peaceful protesters who were opposed to the election of Donald Trump as president of the United States.[234][235]

Public art

[edit]
Main article: List of public art in Portland, Oregon

The city of Portland has over 400 pieces of permanently sited public art.[236][237] One of the oldest pieces of public art in the city is Skidmore Fountain, which was completed in 1888.[238] Most pieces are maintained by the Regional Arts & Culture Council, an organization that is partially funded by the city government. Several outdoor statues, sculptures, and monuments were removed or vandalized following the 2020 George Floyd protests.[239] A percent for art ordinance was passed by Portland's city council in 1980 to allocate funding for public artwork in the capital budgets of major city projects.[236]

Sports

[edit]
Main article: Sports in Portland, Oregon

Portland is home to three major league sports franchises: the Portland Trail Blazers of the NBA, the Portland Timbers of Major League Soccer (MLS), and the Portland Thorns FC of the National Women's Soccer League. In 2015, the Timbers won the MLS Cup, which was the first male professional sports championship for a team from Portland since the Trail Blazers won the NBA championship in 1977.[240] Despite being the 19th most populated metro area in the United States, Portland contains only one franchise from the four major sports leagues (NFL, NBA, NHL, MLB), making it the United States' second most populated metro area with that distinction, behind San Antonio, which also has only an NBA team (the Spurs). The city has been often rumored to receive an additional franchise, although efforts to acquire a team have failed due to stadium funding issues.[241] An organization known as the Portland Diamond Project (PDP)[242] has worked with MLB and local government, and there are plans to have an MLB stadium constructed at Zidell Yards in the South Waterfront neighborhood.[243] The PDP has not yet received the funding for this project. On September 18, 2024, it was announced that the city would receive a WNBA franchise named the Portland Fire, slated to start in 2026.[244]

Providence Park, home of the Portland Timbers and the Portland Thorns

Portland sports fans are characterized by their passionate support. The Trail Blazers sold out every home game between 1977 and 1995, a span of 814 consecutive games, the second-longest streak in American sports history.[245] The Timbers joined MLS in 2011 and have sold out every home match since joining the league, a streak that has now reached 70+ matches.[246] The Timbers season ticket waiting list has reached over 10,000, the longest waiting list in MLS.[247] In 2015, they became the first team in the Northwest to win the MLS Cup. Player Diego Valeri marked a new record for fastest goal in MLS Cup history at 27 seconds into the game.[248]

The Moda Center, home of the Portland Trail Blazers and the Portland Fire

The annual Cambia Portland Classic women's golf tournament in September, now in its 50th year, is the longest-running non-major tournament on the LPGA Tour, plays in the southern suburb of West Linn.[249]

Two rival universities exist within Portland city limits: the University of Portland Pilots and the Portland State University Vikings, both of whom field teams in popular spectator sports including soccer, baseball, and basketball. Portland State also has a football team. Additionally, the University of Oregon Ducks (in Eugene) and the Oregon State University Beavers (in Corvallis) both receive substantial attention and support from many Portland residents, despite their campuses being 110 and 84 miles from the city, respectively.[250]

The Shamrock Run, held annually on St. Patrick's Day

Running is a popular activity in Portland, and every year the city hosts the Portland Marathon as well as parts of the Hood to Coast Relay, the world's largest long-distance relay race (by number of participants). Portland served as the center to an elite running group, the Nike Oregon Project until its 2019 disbandment following coach Alberto Salazar's ban due to doping violations.[251]

Historic Erv Lind Stadium is located in Normandale Park.[252] It has been home to professional and college softball.

Portland also hosts numerous cycling events and has become an elite bicycle racing destination.[253][254][255] The Oregon Bicycle Racing Association supports hundreds of official bicycling events every year. Weekly events at Alpenrose Velodrome and Portland International Raceway allow for racing nearly every night of the week from March through September. Cyclocross races, such as the Cross Crusade, can attract over 1,000 riders and spectators.[256]

Club Sport Current League Championships Venue Founded
Hillsboro Hops Baseball Northwest League 3 (2014, 2015, 2019) Hillsboro Ballpark 2013
Oregon Soar Ultimate (sport) WUL 0 TBA 2024
Oregon Steel Ultimate (sport) UFA 0 Providence Park 2022
PDX FC Soccer USL 2 0 La Salle Catholic High School Stadium 2017
Portland Bangers FC Soccer USL 2 0 TBA 2025[257]
Portland Fire Basketball WNBA 0 Moda Center 2024
Portland Pickles Baseball WCL 1 (2024) Walker Stadium (baseball) 2018
Portland Thorns FC Soccer NWSL 4 (2013, 2017, 2021 NWSL Challenge Cup, 2022) Providence Park 2012
Portland Timbers Soccer MLS 1 (2015) Providence Park 2009
Portland Timbers 2 Soccer MLS Next Pro 0 Providence Park 2014
Portland Trail Blazers Basketball NBA 1 (1977) Moda Center 1970
Portland Winterhawks Hockey WHL 5 (1981–82, 1983 Memorial Cup, 1997–98, 1998 Memorial Cup, 2012–13) Veterans Memorial Coliseum 1976
Rip City Remix Basketball NBA G League 0 Chiles Center 2023
Rose City Rollers Roller derby WFTDA 3 (2015, 2016, 2018) The Hangar at Oaks Amusement Park 2004

Parks and recreation

[edit]
Main article: List of parks in Portland, Oregon
Forest Park is the largest wilderness park in the United States that is within city limits

Parks and greenspace planning date back to John Charles Olmsted's 1903 Report to the Portland Park Board. In 1995, voters in the Portland metropolitan region passed a regional bond measure to acquire valuable natural areas for fish, wildlife, and people.[258] Ten years later, more than 8,100 acres (33 km2) of ecologically valuable natural areas had been purchased and permanently protected from development.[259]

Portland is one of only four cities in the U.S. with extinct volcanoes within its boundaries (along with Pilot Butte in Bend, Oregon, Jackson Volcano in Jackson, Mississippi, and Diamond Head in Honolulu, Hawaii). Mount Tabor Park is known for its scenic views and historic reservoirs.[260]

Forest Park is the largest wilderness park within city limits in the United States, covering more than 5,000 acres (2,023 ha).[261] Portland is also home to Mill Ends Park, the world's smallest park (a two-foot-diameter circle, the park's area is only about 0.3 m2). Washington Park is just west of downtown and is home to the Oregon Zoo, Hoyt Arboretum, the Portland Japanese Garden, and the International Rose Test Garden. Portland is also home to Lan Su Chinese Garden (formerly the Portland Classical Chinese Garden), an authentic representation of a Suzhou-style walled garden. Portland's east side has several formal public gardens: the historic Peninsula Park Rose Garden, the rose gardens of Ladd's Addition, the Crystal Springs Rhododendron Garden, the Leach Botanical Garden, and The Grotto.

Portland's downtown features two groups of contiguous city blocks dedicated for park space: the North and South Park Blocks.[262][263] The 37-acre (15 ha) Tom McCall Waterfront Park was built in 1974 along the length of the downtown waterfront after Harbor Drive was removed; it now hosts large events throughout the year.[264] The nearby historically significant Burnside Skatepark and five indoor skateparks give Portland a reputation as possibly "the most skateboard-friendly town in America."[265]

Tryon Creek State Natural Area is one of three Oregon State Parks in Portland and the most popular; its creek has a run of steelhead. The other two State Parks are Willamette Stone State Heritage Site, in the West Hills, and the Government Island State Recreation Area in the Columbia River near Portland International Airport.

In February 2015, the City Council approved a total ban on smoking in all city parks and natural areas effective July 1, 2015. The ban includes cigarettes, vaping, as well as marijuana.[266]

 

Government

[edit]
Portland City Hall

City hall

[edit]
See also: Government of Portland, Oregon; Mayor of Portland, Oregon; and Portland City Council (Oregon)

Since January 1, 2025, the city of Portland is governed by a mayor–council government system. Elected officials include the mayor, a 12-member city council, and a city auditor. The city council is responsible for legislative policy, while the mayor appoints a professional city manager who oversees the various bureaus and day-to-day operations of the city. The mayor is elected at-large, while the council is elected in four geographic districts using single transferable vote, with 3 winning candidates per district. Portland's current form of government was approved by voters in a 2022 ballot measure, with the first elections under the new system held in 2024.[267]

The Portland Office of Community and Civic Life (formerly Office of Neighborhood Involvement)[268] serves as a conduit between city government and Portland's 95 officially recognized neighborhoods. Each neighborhood is represented by a volunteer-based neighborhood association which serves as a liaison between residents of the neighborhood and the city government. The city provides funding to neighborhood associations through seven district coalitions, each of which is a geographical grouping of several neighborhood associations. Most (but not all) neighborhood associations belong to one of these district coalitions.

Portland and its surrounding metropolitan area are served by Metro, the United States' only directly elected metropolitan planning organization. Metro's charter gives it responsibility for land use and transportation planning, solid waste management, and map development.

The Multnomah County government provides many services to the Portland area, as do Washington and Clackamas counties to the west and south.

Fire and emergency services are provided by Portland Fire & Rescue.

Courts and law enforcement

[edit]
See also: Multnomah County Circuit Court and Portland Police Bureau

Law enforcement is primarily provided by the Portland Police Bureau (PPB). The Multnomah County Sheriff's Office (MCSO) provides law enforcement on the city's transit system through their Transit Police division which is supplemented from officers from all local law enforcement agencies that fall within the transit authority's boundaries.[269]

Built in 1869, the Pioneer Courthouse is the oldest federal building in the Pacific Northwest.[270]

State and national politics

[edit]

Portland strongly favors the Democratic Party; registered Democrats (51.2%) outnumber Republicans (10.5%) nearly 5 to 1. All city offices are non-partisan.[271] However, almost all of the city's elected officials are known to be Democrats. Fred L. Peterson in 1952 is the city's last elected Republican mayor, and no Republican has served as mayor even on an interim basis since Connie McCready held the post from 1979 to 1980.

Portland is split among three of Oregon's U.S. congressional districts. Most of the city is in the 3rd District, represented by Maxine Dexter (D-Portland). Most of the city west of the Willamette River is part of the 1st District, represented by Suzanne Bonamici (D-Beaverton). A small portion of southeastern Portland is in the 5th District, currently represented by Democrat Janelle Bynum. Lori Chavez-DeRemer was the first Republican to represent a significant portion of the city in the U.S. House of Representatives since 1975, from 2023 to 2025. Both of Oregon's senators, Ron Wyden and Jeff Merkley, are progressive Democrats from Portland.

In the 2008 presidential election, Democratic candidate Barack Obama easily carried Portland, winning 245,464 votes from city residents to 50,614 for his Republican rival, John McCain. In the 2012 presidential election, Democratic candidate Barack Obama again easily carried Portland, winning 256,925 votes from Multnomah county residents to 70,958 for his Republican rival, Mitt Romney.[272]

Sam Adams, the former mayor of Portland, became the city's first openly gay mayor in 2009.[273] In 2004, 59.7 percent of Multnomah County voters cast ballots against Oregon Ballot Measure 36, which amended the Oregon Constitution to prohibit recognition of same-sex marriages. The measure passed with 56.6% of the statewide vote. Multnomah County is one of two counties where a majority voted against the initiative; the other is Benton County, which includes Corvallis, home of Oregon State University.[274] On April 28, 2005, Portland became the only city in the nation to withdraw from a Joint Terrorism Task Force.[275][276] As of February 19, 2015, the Portland city council approved permanently staffing the JTTF with two of its city's police officers.[277]

Voter registration and party enrollment as of January 2022[278]
Party Number of voters Percentage
  Democratic 253,789 55.55%
  Republican 36,763 8.05%
  Unaffiliated 138,751 30.37%
  Libertarian 2,752 0.60%
  Pacific Green 2,298 0.50%
  Constitution 298 0.07%
  Other 22,245 4.87%
Total 456,896 100%

City planning and development

[edit]
Video of Portland's urban growth boundary. The red dots indicate areas of growth between 1986 and 1996.

The city consulted with urban planners as far back as 1904, resulting in the development of Washington Park and the 40-Mile Loop greenway, which connects many of the city's parks.[279] Portland is often cited as an example of a city with strong land use planning controls.[280] This is largely the result of statewide land conservation policies adopted in 1973 under Governor Tom McCall, in particular the requirement for an urban growth boundary (UGB) for every city and metropolitan area. The opposite extreme, a city with few or no controls, is typically illustrated by Houston.[281][282][283][284]

1966 photo shows sawdust-fired power plant on the edge of downtown that was removed to make way for dense residential development. High rises to left in background were early projects of the Portland Development Commission

Oregon's 1973 "urban growth boundary" law limits the boundaries for large-scale development in each metropolitan area in Oregon.[285] This limits access to utilities such as sewage, water and telecommunications, as well as coverage by fire, police and schools.[285] Portland's urban growth boundary, adopted in 1979, separates urban areas (where high-density development is encouraged and focused) from traditional farm land (where restrictions on non-agricultural development are very strict).[286] This was atypical in an era when automobile use led many areas to neglect their core cities in favor of development along interstate highways, in suburbs, and satellite cities.

The original state rules included a provision for expanding urban growth boundaries, but critics felt this was not being accomplished. In 1995, the State passed a law requiring cities to expand UGBs to provide enough undeveloped land for a 20-year supply of future housing at projected growth levels.[287] In 2007, the legislature changed the law to require the maintenance of an estimated 50 years of growth within the boundary, as well as the protection of accompanying farm and rural lands.[147] The growth boundary, along with efforts of the Portland Development Commission to create economic development zones, has led to the development of a large portion of downtown, a large number of mid- and high-rise developments, and an overall increase in housing and business density.[288]

Prosper Portland (formerly the Portland Development Commission) is a semi-public agency that plays a major role in downtown development; city voters created it in 1958 to serve as the city's urban renewal agency. It provides housing and economic development programs within the city and works behind the scenes with major local developers to create large projects. In the early 1960s, the Portland Development Commission led the razing of a large Italian-Jewish neighborhood downtown, bounded roughly by I-405, the Willamette River, 4th Avenue and Market street.[289] Mayor Neil Goldschmidt took office in 1972 as a proponent of bringing housing and the associated vitality back to the downtown area, which was seen as emptying out after 5 pm. The effort has had dramatic effects in the 30 years since, with many thousands of new housing units clustered in three areas: north of Portland State University (between I-405, SW Broadway, and SW Taylor St.); the RiverPlace development along the waterfront under the Marquam (I-5) bridge; and most notably in the Pearl District (between I-405, Burnside St., NW Northrup St., and NW 9th Ave.).

Historically, environmental consciousness has weighed significantly in the city's planning and development efforts.[290] Portland was one of the first cities in the United States to promote and integrate alternative forms of transportation, such as the MAX Light Rail and extensive bike paths.[290] The Urban Greenspaces Institute, housed in Portland State University Geography Department's Center for Mapping Research, promotes better integration of the built and natural environments. The institute works on urban park, trail, and natural areas planning issues, both at the local and regional levels.[291] In October 2009, the Portland City Council unanimously adopted a climate action plan that will cut the city's greenhouse gas emissions to 80% below 1990 levels by 2050.[292]

As of 2012, Portland was the largest city in the United States that did not add fluoride to its public water supply,[293] and fluoridation has historically been a subject of controversy in the city.[294] Portland voters have four times voted against fluoridation, in 1956, 1962, 1980 (repealing a 1978 vote in favor), and 2013.[295] In 2012 the city council, responding to advocacy from public health organizations and others, voted unanimously to begin fluoridation by 2014. Fluoridation opponents forced a public vote on the issue,[296] and on May 21, 2013, city voters again rejected fluoridation.[297]

Education

[edit]
Main article: Education in Portland, Oregon

Primary and secondary education

[edit]
St. Mary's Academy, a private Roman Catholic girls' school established in 1859

Nine public school districts and many private schools include sections of Portland. Portland Public Schools is the largest school district, operating 86 public schools.[298] In addition to PPS, other school districts in Multnomah County that serve parts of the city include the Beaverton School District, Centennial School District, David Douglas School District, Parkrose School District, Reynolds School District, Riverdale School District, and Scappoose School District.[299] Portions in Clackamas County are in the North Clackamas School District and Centennial School District.[300] Portions in Washington County are in Portland Public Schools.[301]

David Douglas High School, in the Powellhurst neighborhood, has the largest enrollment of any public high school in the city.[302] Other high schools include Benson, Cleveland, Franklin, Grant, Jefferson, Madison, Parkrose, Roosevelt, and Ida B Wells-Barnett (formerly Woodrow Wilson), and several suburban high schools which serve the city's outer areas. Established in 1869, Lincoln High School (formerly Portland High School) is the city's oldest public education institution, and is one of two of the oldest high schools west of the Mississippi River (after San Francisco's Lowell High School).[303]

Former public schools in the city included Washington High School, which operated from 1906 until 1981, as well as Adams and Jackson, which also closed the same year.

Higher education

[edit]
Brick building
Eliot Hall, Reed College
Glass-faced skyscrapers abutting brick-lined urban area
Urban Center, Portland State University

Portland State University has the second-largest enrollment rate of any university in the state (after Oregon State University), with a student body of nearly 30,000.[304] It has been named among the top fifteen percentile of American regional universities by The Princeton Review for undergraduate education,[305] and has been internationally recognized for its degrees in Master of Business Administration and urban planning.[306] The city is also home to the Oregon Health & Science University, as well as Portland Community College.

Notable private universities include the University of Portland, a Roman Catholic university affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross; Reed College, a liberal arts college, and Lewis & Clark College.

Media

[edit]
Main article: Media in Portland, Oregon
See also: List of radio stations in Oregon and List of television stations in Oregon
KGW is the NBC affiliate.

The Oregonian is the only daily general-interest newspaper serving Portland. It also circulates throughout the state and in Clark County, Washington.

Smaller local newspapers, distributed free of charge in newspaper boxes and at venues around the city, include the Portland Tribune (general-interest paper published on Wednesdays), Willamette Week (general-interest alternative weekly published on Wednesdays), and The Portland Mercury (another alt-weekly, targeted at younger urban readers and published every other Thursday). The Portland area also has newspapers that are published for specific communities, including The Asian Reporter (a weekly covering Asian news, both international and local) and The Skanner (a weekly African-American newspaper covering both local and national news). The Portland Business Journal covers business-related news on a weekly basis, as does The Daily Journal of Commerce, its main competitor. Portland Monthly is a monthly news and culture magazine. The Bee, over 110 years old, is another neighborhood newspaper serving the inner southeast neighborhoods.[307]

Infrastructure

[edit]

Healthcare

[edit]
Main article: List of hospitals in Portland, Oregon
Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center

Legacy Health, a non-profit healthcare system in Portland, operates multiple facilities in the city and surrounding suburbs.[308] These include Legacy Emanuel, founded in 1912, in Northeast Portland; and Legacy Good Samaritan, founded in 1875, and in Northwest Portland.[308] Randall's Children's Hospital operates at the Legacy Emanuel Campus. Good Samaritan has centers for breast health, cancer, and stroke, and is home to the Legacy Devers Eye Institute, the Legacy Obesity and Diabetes Institute, the Legacy Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, the Legacy Rehabilitation Clinic of Oregon, and the Linfield-Good Samaritan School of Nursing.[309]

The Catholic-affiliated Providence Health & Services operates Providence Portland Medical Center in the North Tabor neighborhood of the city. Oregon Health & Science University is a university hospital formed in 1974. The Veterans Affairs Medical Center operates next to the Oregon Health & Science University main campus. Adventist Medical Center also serves the city. Shriners Hospital for Children is a small children's hospital established in 1923.

Transportation

[edit]
Main article: Transportation in Portland, Oregon
MAX Light Rail is the centerpiece of the city's public transportation system.
Portland Streetcar is a three-line system serving downtown and nearby areas.

The Portland metropolitan area has transportation services common to major U.S. cities, though Oregon's emphasis on proactive land-use planning and transit-oriented development within the urban growth boundary means commuters have multiple well-developed options.

In 2008, 12.6% of all commutes in Portland were on public transit.[310] TriMet operates most of the region's buses and the MAX (short for Metropolitan Area Express) light rail system, which connects the city and suburbs. Opened in 1986, the MAX system has expanded to five lines, with the latest being the Orange Line to Milwaukie, which began operating in September 2015.[311] WES Commuter Rail opened in February 2009 in Portland's western suburbs, linking Beaverton and Wilsonville.

The city-owned Portland Streetcar serves two routes in the Central City – downtown and adjacent districts. The first line, which opened in 2001 and was extended in 2005–07, operates from the South Waterfront District through Portland State University and north through the West End of downtown, to shopping areas and dense residential districts north and northwest of downtown. The second line that opened in 2012 added 3.3 miles (5.3 km) of tracks on the east side of the Willamette River and across the Broadway Bridge to a connection with the original line.[312] The east-side line completed a loop to the tracks on the west side of the river upon completion of the new Tilikum Crossing in 2015,[313] and, in anticipation of that, had been named the Central Loop line in 2012. However, it was renamed the Loop Service, with an A Loop (clockwise) and B Loop (counterclockwise), when it became a complete loop with the opening of the Tilikum Crossing bridge.

Fifth and Sixth avenues within downtown comprise the Portland Transit Mall, two streets devoted primarily to bus and light rail traffic with limited automobile access. Opened in 1977 for buses, the transit mall was renovated and rebuilt in 2007–09, with light rail added. Starting in 1975 and lasting nearly four decades, all transit service within downtown Portland was free, the area being known by TriMet as Fareless Square, but a need for minor budget cuts and funding needed for expansion prompted the agency to limit free rides to rail service only in 2010,[314] and subsequently to discontinue the fare-free zone entirely in 2012.[315]

TriMet provides real-time tracking of buses and trains with its TransitTracker, and makes the data available to software developers so they can create customized tools of their own.[316][317]

Union Station

I-5 connects Portland with the Willamette Valley, Southern Oregon, and California to the south and with Washington to the north. I-405 forms a loop with I-5 around the central downtown area of the city and I-205 is a loop freeway route on the east side which connects to the Portland International Airport. U.S. 26 supports commuting within the metro area and continues to the Pacific Ocean westward and Mount Hood and Central Oregon eastward. U.S. 30 has a main, bypass, and business route through the city extending to Astoria to the west; through Gresham, Oregon, and the eastern exurbs, and connects to I-84, traveling towards Boise, Idaho.

Portland International Airport

Portland's main airport is Portland International Airport (PDX), about 20 minutes by car (40 minutes by MAX) northeast of downtown. Portland is also home to Oregon's only public use heliport, the Portland Downtown Heliport.

Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to Portland at Union Station on three routes. Long-haul train routes include the Coast Starlight (with service from Los Angeles to Seattle) and the Empire Builder (with service to Chicago). The Amtrak Cascades state-supported trains operate between Vancouver, B.C., and Eugene, Oregon, and serve Portland several times daily. The city is also served by Greyhound Lines intercity bus service, which also operates BoltBus, an express bus service. The city's first airport was the Swan Island Municipal Airport, which was closed in the 1940s.

The Portland Aerial Tram connects the South Waterfront district with OHSU

Portland is the only city in the United States that owns operating mainline steam locomotives, donated to the city in 1958 by the railroads that ran them.[318] Spokane, Portland & Seattle 700 and the world-famous Southern Pacific 4449 can be seen several times a year pulling a special excursion train, either locally or on an extended trip. The "Holiday Express", pulled over the tracks of the Oregon Pacific Railroad on weekends in December, has become a Portland tradition over its several years running.[319] These trains and others are operated by volunteers of the Oregon Rail Heritage Foundation, an amalgamation of rail preservation groups which collaborated on the finance and construction of the Oregon Rail Heritage Center, a permanent and publicly accessible home for the locomotives, which opened in 2012 adjacent to OMSI.[320]

In Portland, cycling is a significant mode of transportation. As the city has been particularly supportive of urban bicycling it now ranks highly among the most bicycle-friendly cities in the world.[321] Bicycles accounted for 2.8% of commuting in 2021. Bicycle commuting declined by 46% between 2016 and 2022 according to Portland Bureau of Transportation report.[322] For its achievements in promoting cycling as an everyday means of transportation, Portland has been recognized by the League of American Bicyclists and other cycling organizations for its network of on-street bicycling facilities and other bicycle-friendly services, being one of only three U.S. cities to have earned a Platinum-level rating.[323] A new bicycle-sharing system, Biketown, launched on July 19, 2016,[324] with 100 stations in the city's central and eastside neighborhoods.[325]

Portland abolished the requirement for parking minimum as well as Minneapolis and Austin.[326]

As of 2015, Portland is owed $32.4 million in unpaid parking citations due to the city government's refusal to collect more aggressively.[327]

Water

[edit]

The city's main source of drinking water is several reservoirs in the Bull Run Watershed, which consists of roughly 102 square miles (260 km2) of forested land just west of Mount Hood. The city also operates 25 groundwater wells near the Columbia River in Northeast Portland, which supplements the cities water supply during the summer.[328]

Notable people

[edit]
Main article: List of people from Portland, Oregon

Sister cities

[edit]

Portland's sister cities are:[329]

Portland's friendship city agreements are with:[329][330]

  • Netherlands Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (2012)
  • Ukraine Lviv, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine (2022)

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Oregon's population, as of 2019, was 4,217,737; the portion of the MSA that lies in Oregon has a population of 1,992,088, which leaves 47% of Oregon's population residing within the metro.
  2. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  3. ^ Official records for Portland have been kept at PDX since October 13, 1940.[100] In January 1996, snow measurements for PDX were moved to the NWS Portland office 4 mi (6.4 km) to the east at 5241 NE 122nd Avenue, Portland, OR 97230-1089.[91]
  4. ^ From 15% sample

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Portland's City Slogan Wasn't Always "The City That Works"". Willamette Week. 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  2. ^ a b "Portland: The Town that was Almost Boston". National Association of Scientific Materials Managers. Archived from the original on July 27, 2013. Retrieved March 7, 2013.
  3. ^ "Auditor Simone Rede". City of Portland, Oregon. 2023. Retrieved August 17, 2023.
  4. ^ "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
  5. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Portland, Oregon
  6. ^ The highest elevation is at 9936 NW Wind Ridge Dr., 45°33′31″N 122°46′43″W / 45.55873°N 122.77854°W / 45.55873; -122.77854 (Portland highest elevation). "City of Portland Urban Services Area". Bureau of Planning and Sustainability. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  7. ^ The lowest elevation historically occurred at low water on January 17, 1937, at the confluence of the Columbia and Willamette Rivers 45°39′03″N 122°45′46″W / 45.65096°N 122.76289°W / 45.65096; -122.76289 (Portland lowest elevation). "Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service: Portland: Columbia River at Vancouver". Water.weather.gov. Retrieved September 6, 2013.
  8. ^ "Census Population API". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
  9. ^ "2020 Population and Housing State Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
  10. ^ "Total Gross Domestic Product for Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA (MSA)". fred.stlouisfed.org.
  11. ^ "QuickFacts: Portland city, Oregon". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2023. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  12. ^ Baker, Emerson W. (2005). "Portland as a Contested Frontier in the Seventeenth Century". In Conforti, Joseph A. (ed.). Creating Portland: History and Place in Northern New England. Lebanon, NH: University of New Hampshire Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-1584654490. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
  13. ^ a b Olsen, Polina (2012). Portland in the 1960s: Stories from the Counterculture. Charleston, South Carolina: The History Press. ISBN 978-1-60949-471-1.
  14. ^ Weber, Peter (January 13, 2015). "Don't let Portlandia ruin Portland". The Week. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  15. ^ "Organization aims to fulfill bumper sticker's call to 'Keep Portland Weird'". Oregon Public Broadcasting. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
  16. ^ "Is Portlandia One of the Best Comedies of All Time? Jerry Seinfeld Thinks So". Vulture. October 2, 2014. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
  17. ^ Berg, Nate (March 1, 2012). "The Only Elected Regional Government in the U.S." CityLab. Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on February 26, 2015. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
  18. ^ Ramakrishnan, Ramakrishnan (April 22, 2022). "Metro Council president faces challenge from longtime urban planner". The Oregonian. Retrieved October 26, 2022.
  19. ^ a b Swindler, Samantha (May 31, 2020). "Though the rose show and garden contest are canceled, the City of Roses is in full bloom". The Oregonian. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  20. ^ Allen, Burns & Sargent 2009, pp. 175–89.
  21. ^ Marschner 2008, p. 187.
  22. ^ a b c Anderson, Susan (2009). "East Portland Historical Overview & Historic Preservation Study". City of Portland Bureau of Planning and Sustainability. Archived from the original on January 1, 2016. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  23. ^ "First Year in Oregon, 1840–1869: A Narrative History (U.S. National Park Service)". National Park Service. Retrieved August 25, 2022.
  24. ^ Scott 1890, p. 61.
  25. ^ Orloff, Chet (2004). "Maintaining Eden: John Charles Olmsted and the Portland Park System". Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers. 66: 114–19. doi:10.1353/pcg.2004.0006. ISSN 0066-9628. S2CID 129896123.
  26. ^ "Overton Cabin". Oregon History Project. Archived from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
  27. ^ Gibson, Campbell (June 1998). Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990. U.S. Bureau of the Census – Population Division.
  28. ^ Scott 1890, p. 160.
  29. ^ 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  30. ^ Loy, William G.; Stuart Allan; Aileen R. Buckley; James E. Meacham (2001). Atlas of Oregon. University of Oregon Press. pp. 32–33. ISBN 978-0-87114-101-9.
  31. ^ "Historical Timeline". Portland Online. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
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Bibliography

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Further reading

[edit]
  • Abbott, C. (2001). Greater Portland: Urban Life and Landscape in the Pacific Northwest. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1779-9.; full text online
  • Abbott, Carl. Portland in Three Centuries: The Place and the People (Oregon State University Press; 2011) 192 pages; scholarly history online
  • Abbott, Carl. Portland : gateway to the Northwest (1985) online
  • Abbott, C. (2001). Greater Portland: Urban Life and Landscape in the Pacific Northwest. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1779-9.; full text online
  • Hodges, Adam J. World War I and Urban Order: The Local Class Politics of National Mobilization. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.
  • Holbrook, Stewart (1986) [Reprint of 1952 edition]. Far Corner: A Personal View of the Pacific Northwest. Sausalito, California: Comstock Editions. ISBN 978-0-89174-043-8.
  • Lansing, Jewel (2003). Portland: People, Politics, and Power, 1851–2001. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87071-559-4.
  • MacColl, E. Kimbark (1976). The Shaping of a City: Business and Politics in Portland, Oregon 1885 to 1915. Portland, Oregon: Georgian Press. OCLC 2645815. online
  • MacColl, E. Kimbark (1979). The Growth of a City: Power and Politics in Portland, Oregon 1915 to 1950. Portland, Oregon: Georgian Press. ISBN 978-0-9603408-1-1.
  • MacGibbon, Elma (1904). Leaves of knowledge. Spokane: Shaw & Borden Co. OCLC 3877939. Retrieved June 22, 2013. Contents: "Elma MacGibbon reminiscences of her travels in the United States starting in 1898, which were mainly in Oregon and Washington." Includes chapter "Portland, the Western Hub."
  • O'Toole, Randal (July 9, 2007). "Debunking Portland: The City That Doesn't Work" (PDF). Policy Analysis. 596. OCLC 164599623. Retrieved June 22, 2013.
  • Ozawa, Connie P., ed. (2004). The Portland Edge: Challenges and Successes in Growing Communities. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. ISBN 978-1-55963-695-7.
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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Portland, Oregon, United States.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

19th century

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Portland City Hall

20th century

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1900s–1940s

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Washington Park main entrance

1950s–1990s

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21st century

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See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Britannica 1910.
  2. ^ a b "US Newspaper Directory". Chronicling America. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
  3. ^ a b c Auditor's Office (2000). "Portland Historical Timeline". City of Portland. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
  4. ^ Purdy 1947.
  5. ^ Davies Project. "American Libraries before 1876". Princeton University. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
  6. ^ Reid 1879.
  7. ^ Susan M. Schweik (2010). The Ugly Laws: Disability in Public. New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-8361-0.
  8. ^ Jacqueline Williams (1999). "Much Depends on Dinner: Pacific Northwest Foodways, 1843–1900". Pacific Northwest Quarterly. 90 (2): 68–76. JSTOR 40492465.
  9. ^ "Oregon: Multnomah", Pacific States Newspaper Directory (6th ed.), San Francisco: Palmer & Rey, 1894, OCLC 35801625
  10. ^ Wortman 2006, p. 53.
  11. ^ Oregon Historical Quarterly
  12. ^ Hermida, Arianne. "IWW Yearbook 1907". IWW History Project. University of Washington. Retrieved May 5, 2016.
  13. ^ "Portland Mill Men Strike". Industrial Union Bulletin. Vol. 1, no. 3. March 16, 1907. p. 1.
  14. ^ "History". Audubon Society of Portland. Retrieved February 11, 2014.
  15. ^ a b c d "Movie Theaters in Portland, OR". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
  16. ^ a b Federal Writers' Project 1951.
  17. ^ Ulrich Hardt; Jeff LaLande; Linda Tamura (eds.). "Oregon Encyclopedia". Portland State University. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
  18. ^ Thompson 2006, p. 113–114, 121.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g "Sister Cities". City of Portland. Retrieved December 30, 2015.
  20. ^ "Mission & History". Portland: Food Front. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
  21. ^ "NCGA Co-ops: Oregon". Iowa: National Cooperative Grocers Association. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
  22. ^ Williams, Linda (November 25, 1980). "Beaming Ivancie sworn in as Portland mayor". The Oregonian. p. 1.
  23. ^ Mike Tigas; Sisi Wei, eds. (May 9, 2013). "Portland, Oregon". Nonprofit Explorer. New York: ProPublica. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
  24. ^ Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, US Census Bureau, 1998
  25. ^ "Downtown Portland". Downtown Portland Marketing Initiative. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
  26. ^ a b c "Portland Restaurants". Food & Wine. Time Inc. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
  27. ^ "Welcome to the City of Portland". Archived from the original on December 27, 1996 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
  28. ^ Michael Barone; Chuck McCutcheon (2011). Almanac of American Politics 2012. Washington, D.C.: National Journal Group. ISBN 978-0-226-03807-0.
  29. ^ "Staff". Urban Greenspaces Institute. Retrieved February 11, 2014.
  30. ^ "About". Portland Indymedia. Archived from the original on February 3, 2001.
  31. ^ "p:ear". GuideStar. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
  32. ^ a b "Portland, Oregon". Hackerspaces. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
  33. ^ "Frugal Portland". New York Times. May 7, 2009.
  34. ^ "Largest Urbanized Areas With Selected Cities and Metro Areas (2010)". US Census Bureau. 2012.
  35. ^ "Street Books". Archived from the original on October 12, 2014. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
  36. ^ "Two dead, thousands without power after U.S. Pacific Northwest storms", Reuters, December 10, 2015

Bibliography

[edit]

Published in the 19th century

[edit]
  • G. Owens, ed. (1866), "Portland, Oregon", General directory and business guide of the principal towns in the upper country, San Francisco: A. Gensoul
  • John Mortimer Murphy, ed. (1873), "Multnomah County: Portland", Oregon business directory and state gazetteer, S.J. McCormick
  • William Reid (1879), Progress of Oregon and Portland from 1868 to 1878, Portland, Or: D.H. Stearns & Co., OL 25160344M
  • Harvey Whitefield Scott (1890), History of Portland, Oregon, Syracuse, N.Y: D. Mason & Co., OL 23304856M

Published in the 20th century

[edit]

1900s–1960s

[edit]

1970s–1990s

[edit]
  • Paul G. Meriam. "Urban Elite in the Far West, Portland, Oregon, 1870–1890." Arizona and the West 18 (1976): 41-52.
  • Gould, Charles F. "Portland Italians, 1880–1920." Oregon Historical Quarterly 77 (1976): 239-60.
  • MacColl, E. Kimbark (1976). The Shaping of a City: Business and Politics in Portland, Oregon 1885 to 1915. Portland, Oregon: Georgian Press. OCLC 2645815.
  • MacColl, E. Kimbark (1979). The Growth of a City: Power and Politics in Portland, Oregon 1915 to 1950. Portland, Oregon: Georgian Press. ISBN 0-9603408-1-5.
  • Paul G. Meriam. "The ‘Other Portland’: A Statistical Note on the Foreign-born, 1860–1910." Oregon Historical Quarterly 80 (1979): 258-68.
  • Toll, William. The Making of an Ethnic Middle Class: Portland Jewry over Four Generations. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1982.
  • Carl Abbott. Portland: Planning, Politics, and Growth in a Twentieth-Century City. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983.
  • Blackford, Mansell. "The Lost Dream: Businessmen and City Planning in Portland, Oregon, 1903–1914." The Western Historical Quarterly 15 (1984): 39-56.
  • William Toll. "Ethnicity and Stability: The Italians and Jews of South Portland, 1900–1940." Pacific Historical Review 54 (1985): 161-90.
  • E. Kimbark MacColl. Merchants, Money, and Power: The Portland Establishment, 1843–1913. Portland: Georgian Press, 1988.
  • Bigelow, William, and Norman Diamond. "Agitate, Educate, Organize: Portland, 1934." Oregon Historical Quarterly 89 (1988): 5-29.
  • Horowitz, David A. "The Crusade against Chain Stores: Portland's Independent Merchants, 1928–1935." Oregon Historical Quarterly 89 (1988): 340-68.
  • Dodds, Gordon, and Craig Wollner. The Silicon Forest: High Tech in the Portland Area, 1945–1985. Portland: Oregon Historical Society Press, 1990.
  • Wollner, Craig. The City Builders: One Hundred Years of Union Carpentry in Portland, Oregon, 1883–1983. Portland: Oregon Historical Society Press, 1990.
  • Carl Abbott. "Regional City and Network City: Portland and Seattle in the Twentieth Century." Western Historical Quarterly 23 (1992): 293-322.
  • Harvey, Thomas. "Portland, Oregon: Regional City in a Global Economy." Urban Geography 17 (1996): 95-114.
  • William Toll. "Permanent Settlement: Japanese Families in Portland, 1920." Western Historical Quarterly 28 (1997): 19-44.
  • William Toll. "Black Families and Migration to a Multiracial Society: Portland, Oregon, 1900–1924." Journal of American Ethnic History 17 (1998): 38-70.
  • Barker, Neil. "Portland's Works Progress Administration." Oregon Historical Quarterly 101 (2000): 414-41.

Published in the 21st century

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[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Portland, Oregon.
 

 

 

Provisional Government of Oregon district boundaries drawn in 1843, showing eventual U.S. border and states.

The history of the city of Portland, Oregon, began in 1843 when business partners William Overton and Asa Lovejoy filed to claim land on the west bank of the Willamette River in Oregon Country. In 1845 the name of Portland was chosen for this community by coin toss. February 8, 1851, the city was incorporated.[1] Portland has continued to grow in size and population, with the 2010 census showing 583,776 residents in the city.[2]

Early history

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The land today occupied by Multnomah County, Oregon, was inhabited for centuries by two bands of Upper Chinook Indians. The Multnomah people settled on and around Sauvie Island and the Cascades Indians settled along the Columbia Gorge. These groups fished and traded along the river and gathered berries, wapato and other root vegetables. The nearby Tualatin Plains provided prime hunting grounds.[3] Eventually, contact with Europeans resulted in the decimation of native tribes by smallpox and malaria.[4]

Founding

[edit]
Portland in 1853

The site of the future city of Portland, Oregon, was known to American, Canadian, and British traders, trappers and settlers of the 1830s and early 1840s as "The Clearing,"[5] a small stopping place along the west bank of the Willamette River used by travelers en route between Oregon City and Fort Vancouver. As early as 1840, Massachusetts sea captain John Couch logged an encouraging assessment of the river's depth adjacent to The Clearing, noting its promise of accommodating large ocean-going vessels, which could not ordinarily travel up-river as far as Oregon City, the largest Oregon settlement at the time. In 1843, Tennessee pioneer William Overton and Boston, Massachusetts lawyer Asa Lovejoy filed a 640 acres (260 ha) land claim with Oregon's provisional government that encompassed The Clearing and nearby waterfront and timber land. Legend has it that Overton had prior rights to the land but lacked funds, so he agreed to split the claim with Lovejoy, who paid the 25-cent filing fee.[6]

Asa Lovejoy
Francis Pettygrove
Attorney Asa Lovejoy and merchant Francis Pettygrove are considered the city's founders.
Lovejoy and Pettygrove built Portland's first house, a log cabin near the present intersection of Washington Street and Naito Parkway, in 1844.[7][8]

Bored with clearing trees and building roads, Overton sold his half of the claim to Francis W. Pettygrove of Portland, Maine, in 1845.[citation needed] When it came time to name their new town, Pettygrove and Lovejoy both had the same idea: to name it after his home town. They flipped a coin to decide, and Pettygrove won. On November 1, 1846, Lovejoy sold his half of the land claim to Benjamin Stark, as well as his half-interest in a herd of cattle for $1,215.[9]

Three years later, Pettygrove had lost interest in Portland and become enamored with the California Gold Rush. On September 22, 1848, he sold the entire townsite, save only for 64 sold lots and two blocks each for himself and Stark, to Daniel H. Lownsdale, a tanner. Although Stark owned fully half of the townsite, Pettygrove "largely ignor[ed] Stark's interest", in part because Stark was on the east coast with no immediate plans to return to Oregon. Lownsdale paid for the site with $5,000 in leather, which Pettygrove presumably resold in San Francisco for a large profit.[9]

Minutes of the first meeting of the city council, 1851

On March 30, 1849, Lownsdale split the Portland claim with Stephen Coffin, who paid $6,000 for his half. By August 1849, Captain John Couch and Stark were pressuring Lownsdale and Coffin for Stark's half of the claim; Stark had been absent, but was using the claim as equity in an East Coast-California shipping business with the Sherman Brothers of New York.[9]

Plat of Portland, 1850s

In December 1849, William W. Chapman bought what he believed was a third of the overall claim for $26,666, plus his provision of free legal services for the partnership.[citation needed] In January 1850, Lownsdale had to travel to San Francisco to negotiate on the land claim with Stark, leaving Chapman with power of attorney. Stark and Lownsdale came to an agreement on March 1, 1850, which gave to Stark the land north of Stark Street and about $3,000 from land already sold in this area. This settlement reduced the size of Chapman's claim by approximately 10%. Lownsdale returned to Portland in April 1850, where the terms were presented to an unwilling Chapman and Coffin, but who agreed after negotiations with Couch. While Lownsdale was gone, Chapman had given himself block 81 on the waterfront and sold all of the lots on it, and this block was included in the Stark settlement area. Couch's negotiations excluded this property from Stark's claim, allowing Chapman to retain the profits on the lot.[9]

Pioneer Courthouse. Built in 1869 and still used today, it is the oldest federal building west of the Mississippi River.

Portland existed in the shadow of Oregon City, the territorial capital 12 miles (19 km) upstream at Willamette Falls. However, Portland's location at the Willamette's confluence with the Columbia River, accessible to deep-draft vessels, gave it a key advantage over the older pier.[citation needed] It also triumphed over early rivals such as Milwaukie and Linnton. In its first census in 1850, the city's population was 821 and, like many frontier towns, was predominantly male, with 653 male whites, 164 female whites and four "free colored" individuals. It was already the largest settlement in the Pacific Northwest, and while it could boast about its trading houses, hotels and even a newspaper—the Weekly Oregonian—it was still very much a frontier village, derided by outsiders as "Stumptown" and "Mudtown."[citation needed] It was a place where "stumps from fallen firs lay scattered dangerously about Front and First Streets ... humans and animals, carts and wagons slogged through a sludge of mud and water ... sidewalks often disappeared during spring floods."[9]

In 1850, construction of a multi-purpose "school and meeting house" was completed, a building which served as a church, schoolhouse, courthouse, and place for public meetings. This was Portland's first schoolhouse; by 1873 Portland boasted "twenty public and private schools and academies of a high order, and nearly the same number of churches."[10]

The first firefighting service was established in the early 1850s, with the volunteer Pioneer Fire Engine Company.[11] In 1854, the city council voted to form the Portland Fire Department, and following an 1857 reorganization it encompassed three engine companies and 157 volunteer firemen.[12]

Late 19th century

[edit]
Map of Portland in 1890.
Portland as depicted in Frances Fuller Victor's Atlantis Arisen (1891).

A major fire swept through downtown in August 1873, destroying 20 blocks along the west side of the Willamette between Yamhill and Morrison.[13] The fire caused $1.3 million in damage.[13] In 1889, The Oregonian called Portland "the most filthy city in the Northern States", due to the unsanitary sewers and gutters.[14] The West Shore reported "The new sidewalks put down this year are a disgrace to a Russian village."[14]

The first Morrison Street Bridge opened in 1887 and was the first bridge across the Willamette River in Portland.[15]: 55 

Portland's waterfront in 1898.

Portland was the major port in the Pacific Northwest for much of the 19th century, until the 1890s, when direct railroad access between the deepwater harbor in Seattle and points east, by way of Stampede Pass, was built. Goods could then be transported from the northwest coast to inland cities without the need to navigate the dangerous bar at the mouth of the Columbia River.

The city merged with Albina and East Portland in 1891. This made Portland the 41st largest city in the country, with approximately 70,000 residents.[16][17] This merger was followed by the annexation of the neighboring city of Sellwood in 1893.[17]

In 1894, the Columbia River saw one of its worst-ever floods, reaching a high-water mark of 33.5 feet in Portland.[18]

20th century

[edit]
Portland and Mount Hood in 1910, looking east from the West Hills
Front Street (now Naito Parkway) in 1910
The Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition, Portland's only world's fair

In 1905, Portland was the host city of the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition, a world's fair. This event

increased recognition of the city, which contributed to a doubling of the population of Portland, from 90,426 in 1900 to 207,214 in 1910.[19]

In 1911, the Willamette River flooded much of Downtown Portland, though not much damage is noted.

In 1912 the city's 52 distinctive bronze temperance fountains known locally as "Benson bubblers" were installed around the downtown area by logging magnate Simon Benson.

In 1915, the city merged with Linnton and St. Johns.[20]

The 1911 flood
The Portland Public Market, in downtown, operated from 1933 to 1942. This view is looking east on Yamhill Street at Front St. (now Naito Parkway).

July 1913 saw a free speech fight when, during a strike by women workers at the Oregon Packing Company, Mayor Henry Albee declared street speaking illegal, with an exception made for religious speech. This declaration was intended to stop public speeches by the Industrial Workers of the World in support of the strikers.[citation needed]

Panoramic view of Portland, 1923.

On June 9, 1934, approximately 1,400 members of the International Longshoremen's Association (ILA) participated in the West Coast waterfront strike, which shut down shipping in every port along the West Coast.[21] The demands of the ILA were: recognition of the union; wage increases from 85 cents to $1.00 per hour straight time and from $1.25 to $1.50 per hour overtime; a six-hour workday and 30-hour work week; and a closed shop with the union in control of hiring. They were also frustrated that shipping subsidies from the government, in place since industry distress in the 1920s, were leading to larger profits for the shipping companies that weren't passed down to the workers.[21] There were numerous incidents of violence between strikers and police, including strikers storming the Admiral Evans, which was being used as a hotel for strikebreakers; police shooting four strikers at Terminal 4 in St. Johns; and special police shooting at Senator Robert Wagner of New York as he inspected the site of the previous shooting. The longshoremen resumed work on July 31, 1934, after voting to arbitrate. The arbitration decision was handed down on October 12, 1934, awarding the strikers with recognition of the ILA; higher pay of 95 cents per hour straight time and $1.40 per hour overtime, retroactive to the return to work on July 31; six-hour workdays and 30-hour workweeks, and a union hiring hall managed jointly by the union and management – though the union selected the dispatcher – in every port along the entire West Coast.[21]

World War II

[edit]

In 1940, Portland was on the brink of an economic and population boom, fueled[22] by over $2 billion spent by the U.S. Congress on expanding the Bonneville Power Administration, the need to produce materiel for Great Britain's increased preparations for war, as well as to meet the needs of the U.S. home front and the rapidly expanding American Navy.

The growth was led by Henry J. Kaiser, whose company had been the prime contractor in the construction of two Columbia River dams. In 1941, Kaiser Shipyards received federal contracts to build Liberty ships and aircraft carrier escorts; he chose Portland as one of the sites, and built two shipyards along the Willamette River, and a third in nearby Vancouver; the 150,000 workers he recruited to staff these shipyards play a major role in the growth of Portland, which added 160,000 residents during World War II. [22] By war's end, Portland had a population of 359,000, and an additional 100,000 people lived and/or worked in nearby cities such as Vanport, Oregon City, and Troutdale.[22]

The war jobs attracted large numbers of African-Americans into the small existing community—the numbers quadrupled. The newcomers became permanent residents, building up black political influence, strengthening civil rights organizations such as the NAACP calling for antidiscrimination legislation. On the negative side, racial tensions increased, both black and white residential areas deteriorated from overcrowding, and inside the black community there were angry words between "old settlers" and recent arrivals vying for leadership in the black communities.[23]

In 1942, Japanese Americans, who primarily resided in Japantown, were moved to the Portland Assembly Center, a temporary internment center on the site of the Portland Expo Center. These individuals were eventually transported to internment camps. The majority of people complied with internment.[24] Japantown became Old Town and its Japanese population never returned to meaningful numbers.[25]

See also: History of Japanese Americans in Portland, Oregon

Postwar

[edit]
Vanport in 1943, just after being built
The aftermath of the Vanport Flood of 1948

As part of the 1948 Columbia River floods, Vanport, a small wartime public housing community, primarily inhabited by employees of Kaiser Shipyards, was flooded and completely destroyed. The community was not rebuilt. Despite being short-lived, Vanport's legacy is still seen today. Having a 40% Black population, Vanport led to the integration of Black people by Portland and the rest of Oregon. The Vanport Extension Center, a small college built to help veterans of World War II, moved to Downtown and became what is now Portland State University.[26]

The 1940s and 1950s also saw an extensive network of organized crime, largely dominated by Jim Elkins. The McClellan Commission determined in the late 1950s that Portland not only had a local crime problem but also a situation that had serious national ramifications. In 1956 The Oregonian reporters determined that corrupt Teamsters officials were plotting to take over the city's vice rackets.[27]

Interstate projects

[edit]

As early as 1943, highway planner Robert Moses was commissioned by the city to create a system of improvements for after the World War II.[28] a downtown loop consisting of what is now I-405 and an eastside freeway (now I-5) were part of this plan.[29][30] After debating the downtown route, both freeways were built and completed in 1966 (I-5) and 1969 (I-405), and included the construction of the Fremont Bridge and Marquam Bridge. The eastside freeway was so hated that in a formal complaint, the Portland Arts Commission described it as "so gross, so lacking in grace, so utterly inconsistent with any concept of aesthetics".[31]

The construction of I-405 displaced approximately 1,100 households and caused the demolition of hundreds of buildings. An expansion project of I-405, set to be called I-505, was cancelled in 1978 due to extensive public outcry.

In 1950, Harbor Drive, part of Oregon Route 99W, was reconstructed into a controlled-access freeway. It was signed as I-5 for a short time until the completion of the Marquam Bridge in 1966. In 1974, after months of protests which included blocking the highway, and with support from Governor Tom McCall, the highway, as well as buildings between the highway and Front Avenue, were demolished.[32] The highway and most of the former buildings' sites were turned into Tom McCall Waterfront Park, and Front Avenue was widened to become a boulevard. In 1996, Front Avenue was renamed Naito Parkway after businessman and civic leader Bill Naito.[33][34]

Downtown Portland during the 1996 flood

Late 20th century

[edit]

Public transportation in Portland transitioned from private to public ownership in 1969–70, as the private companies found it increasingly difficult to make a profit and were on the verge of bankruptcy. A new regional government agency, the Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District (Tri-Met), replaced Rose City Transit in 1969 and the "Blue Bus" lines—connecting Portland with its suburbs—in 1970.[35]

In early 1996, the Portland area saw a major flood. The Willamette River crested at 28.6 feet (8.7 m), some 10.6 feet (3.2 m) above flood stage, and came within inches of flowing over the seawall. The Oregon National Guard and civilian volunteers participated in a massive sand-bagging effort which was maintained until the floodwaters retreated. Five rivers in Oregon crested at all-time highs.[36]

21st century

[edit]
The Keep Portland Weird mural in Old Town Chinatown

From 2000 to 2014, Portland experienced a significant growth of over 90,000 people between the years 2000 and 2014.[37] Between 2001 and 2012, Portland's gross domestic product per person grew by fifty percent, more than any other city in the country.[38] and it was second in the country for attracting and retaining the highest number of college-educated people in the United States.[38]

Portland became known throughout the early 2000s for its unique culture and attractiveness to young people. "Keep Portland Weird" became an unofficial slogan and is popularized by a large mural in Old Town Chinatown and the bumper stickers replicating the mural.[39] Portland has embraced this weirdness by hosting many odd events including the World Naked Bike Ride and the Portland Urban Idiotarod, a shopping cart race where participants wear absurd costumes and often doubles as a bar crawl.[40][41][42] Portland is also home to various strange establishments including the 24 Hour Church of Elvis, the TARDIS Room, and the Peculiarium.

In the early 2000s, Portland became home to various street performers. Many of these performers embrace Portland's "weirdness" including the Unipiper, a unicycling bagpiper who wears a Darth Vader mask, and Working Kirk Reeves, a trumpet player and juggler known for his crisp white suit and Mickey Mouse hat.[43][44]

In 2003, Portland's longtime nickname "The City of Roses" (or "Rose City") was made official by the City Council.[45]

Panoramic view of Portland, 2007. Downtown located at far left.

Civil unrest

[edit]
Scenes from the various demonstrations against racial injustice from 2020-2021

In the wake of the murder of George Floyd in May 2020, continuing through spring 2021, Portland saw daily protests against Floyd's murder, police violence and racial injustice.[46] Many of these protests turned violent and led to looting, vandalism, and assault.[47][48][49] In one case, a protestor was killed by an opposing one.[50] Millions of dollars were lost by local businesses from theft and vandalism.[51]

President Donald Trump deployed multiple groups of federal officers to assist locally based Federal Protective Service officers in guarding federal property as the Mark O. Hatfield United States Courthouse and the Edith Green – Wendell Wyatt Federal Building were primary targets of the vandalism and rioting.[52][53][54][55] Temporary fences and boards are up around the two federal buildings and the Multnomah County Justice Center as of February 2024.

On July 22, Mayor Ted Wheeler attended one of the protests and was tear-gassed by federal officers.[56]

These riots also led to the vandalism and removal of many of Portland's statues.[57] Of the six statues removed, only one (Thompson Elk Fountain) was initially planned to be replaced.[58] In 2024, the city announced plans to put back the statues of George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt. The statue of Harvey W. Scott and The Promised Land (which depicts Oregon pioneers), will be sold or donated. Additionally, a statue of York, a slave on the Lewis and Clark Expedition, will be commissioned.[59]

New government

[edit]

In the November 2022 election, Portland residents voted to change the city's form of government. Portland at the time was the only major city in the country to operate under a city commission form of government. This included a five-member board, including the mayor, who each ran various bureaus of the city. Under the new form of government, the mayor is no longer a part of the city council and the city council has twelve districted seats with three council members each representing one of four districts. Additionally, elections use a single transferable vote system as opposed to a first-past-the-post system.[60][61] The first election for this new form of government was in 2024.

Cultural history

[edit]
See also: List of artists and art institutions in Portland, Oregon

While visual arts had always been important in the Pacific Northwest, the mid-1990s saw a dramatic rise in the number of artists, independent galleries, site-specific shows and public discourse about the arts.[62] Several arts publications were founded. The Portland millennial art renaissance has been described, written about and commented on in publications such as ARTnews, Art Papers, Art in America, Modern Painters and Artforum and discussed on CNN.[63] The Wall Street Journal's Peter Plagens noted the vibrancy of Portland's alternative art spaces.[64]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "timeline of Portland". office of the city auditor, Portland.gov.
  2. ^ "2010 Census profiles: Oregon cities alphabetically M-P" (PDF). Portland State University Population Research Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 22, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2011.
  3. ^ Marschner, Janice (2008). Oregon 1859: a snapshot in time. Timber Press. p. 187. ISBN 9780881928730.
  4. ^ "Chinook clothing - What did Chinook people wear?". 10 August 2017.
  5. ^ Potter, Miles F. (1976). Oregon's Golden Years: Bonanza of the West. Caxton Press. p. 32. ISBN 9780870042546.
  6. ^ "William Overton". www.oregonencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  7. ^ Centennial History of Oregon vol. I
  8. ^ Baker, Jeff (October 17, 1999). "The Father Of Oregon: John Mcloughlin's Legacy Endures At Fort Vancouver, In Oregon City And In The Heart Of His Biographer, Dorothy Morrison". The Oregonian.
  9. ^ a b c d e MacColl, E. Kimbark (1979). The Growth of a City: Power and Politics in Portland, Oregon 1915-1950. Portland, Oregon: The Georgian Press. ISBN 0-9603408-1-5.
  10. ^ Samuel, L. (1873). Samuel's Directory of Portland and East Portland for 1873. Portland, OR: Geo. H. Himes & Co. p. 29.
  11. ^ "Firefighting in Portland Through the Years". City of Portland. Retrieved 2016-06-23.
  12. ^ Harry, De Witt (June 13, 1920). "Spirit of Emulation Inspires Portland's Fireman [sic] to Great Deeds". The Sunday Oregonian. Magazine section, p. 1.
  13. ^ a b H. W. Scott, ed. (1890). History of Portland Oregon with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Prominent Citizens and Pioneers. D. Mason & Co. p. 160.
  14. ^ a b MacColl, E. Kimbark (November 1976). The Shaping of a City: Business and Politics in Portland, Oregon 1885 to 1915. Portland, Oregon: The Georgian Press Company. OCLC 2645815.
  15. ^ Wood Wortman, Sharon; Wortman, Ed (2006). The Portland Bridge Book (3rd ed.). Urban Adventure Press. ISBN 0-9787365-1-6.
  16. ^ "Three Cities in One: Portland, Oregon, Takes a Long Stride to the Front" (PDF). The New York Times. June 14, 1891. Retrieved 2008-07-28.
  17. ^ a b Portland Timeline: 1843 to 1901, City of Portland Auditor's Office
  18. ^ "The Columbia River - Great Flood of 1894". columbiariverimages.com. Archived from the original on September 7, 2008. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
  19. ^ Portland Auditor's Office, Portland Historical Timeline, http://www.portlandonline.com/auditor/index.cfm?c=cheai
  20. ^ Portland Timeline: 1902 to 1951, City of Portland Auditor's Office
  21. ^ a b c Dock Strike: History of the 1934 Waterfront Strike in Portland, Oregon by Roger Buchanan (1975)
  22. ^ a b c Toll, William (2003). "Home Front Boom". Oregon Historical Society. Retrieved 2012-04-04.
  23. ^ Quintard Taylor, "The great migration: The Afro-American communities of Seattle and Portland during the 1940s." Arizona and the West 23.2 (1981): 109-126. sos Online
  24. ^ "State of Oregon: World War II - Japanese Americans Move to the Portland Assembly Center". sos.oregon.gov. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
  25. ^ "Japantown, Portland (Nihonmachi)". www.oregonencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
  26. ^ "Vanport Extension Center". www.oregonencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 2024-01-11.
  27. ^ Robert C. Donnelly, "Organizing Portland: Organized Crime, Municipal Corruption, and the Teamsters Union," Oregon Historical Quarterly (2003) 104#3 pp. 334-365 in JSTOR
  28. ^ Nokes, Richard (November 10, 1943). "Moses Proposes $75,000,000 Postwar Works for City". The Oregonian. p. 1.
  29. ^ Moses, Robert (November 10, 1943). Portland Improvement (PDF). Multnomah County. pp. 32, 34. Retrieved April 2, 2021 – via Portland Mercury.
  30. ^ Mesh, Aaron (November 4, 2014). "Feb. 4, 1974: Portland kills the Mount Hood Freeway..." Willamette Week. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
  31. ^ Staley, Brandon (September 13, 2016). "Happy 50th Birthday, Marquam Bridge". Portland Monthly. Retrieved February 23, 2023.
  32. ^ Lloyd, Mike (May 23, 1974). "Asphalt strip to disappear from Portland riverfront". The Oregonian, p. 29.
  33. ^ Orloff, Chet. "William Sumio Naito (1925–1996)". The Oregon Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
  34. ^ Stewart, Bill (June 21, 1996). "City picks Front Ave. as memorial to Naito". The Oregonian, p. 1.
  35. ^ Ruble, Web (February 25, 1973). "Transit was created because it had to be". The Sunday Oregonian. p. F1.
  36. ^ Taylor, George H. (1996). "The Great Flood of 1996". Oregon State University. Archived from the original on 2007-03-04. Retrieved April 3, 2006.
  37. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Archived from the original on May 23, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  38. ^ a b Miller, Clair Cane (September 16, 2014). "Will Portland Always Be a Retirement Community for the Young?". The New York Times. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
  39. ^ "Keep Portland Weird". Archived from the original on August 31, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  40. ^ Tewksbury, Drew, Gone to the Dogs[usurped]. Los Angeles CityBeat, 5 April 2007. Accessed 9 March 2008.
  41. ^ Associated Press, Oregon bill aims to rid the shopping cart blight. 19 March 2007. Accessed 9 March 2008.
  42. ^ Your guide to the next 72 hours. The Portland Tribune, 4 March 2005. Accessed 9 March 2008.
  43. ^ Turnquist, Kristi (June 21, 2017) [first published online June 19]. "Unipiper pops up in 'Gong Show' revival". The Oregonian. p. B16. Archived from the original on June 29, 2017. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
  44. ^ Raineri, Joe (November 2012). "Iconic Portland street performer, 'Workin' Kirk,' dies". KATU. Archived from the original on November 11, 2012. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
  45. ^ Stern, Henry (June 19, 2003). "Name comes up roses for P-town: City Council sees no thorns in picking 'City of Roses' as Portland's moniker". The Oregonian
  46. ^ Baker, Mike (April 27, 2021). "After Nearly a Year of Unrest, Portland Leaders Pursue a Crackdown". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved May 2, 2021.
  47. ^ Vice Staff (September 23, 2020). "Man Linked to Killing at a Portland Protest Says He Acted in Self-Defense". Vice Media. Retrieved September 23, 2020.
  48. ^ Evans, Robert (July 20, 2020). "What You Need To Know About The Battle of Portland". Bellingcat. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  49. ^ Hughes, Trevor (July 26, 2020). "Portland police declare riot as demonstrators attack fence outside federal courthouse". USA Today. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  50. ^ Kavanaugh, Shane (July 30, 2020). "Man knifed in back at Portland protest: 'I was stabbed for being a conservative journalist'". The Oregonian. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  51. ^ VanderHart, Dirk; Levinson, Jonathan; Ellis, Rebecca; Orr, Donald (May 31, 2020). "As Protests Continue, Civic Leaders Confront Crowds And Oregon's Racist History". Oregon Public Broadcasting. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  52. ^ Green, Aimee (June 10, 2020). "Portland now faces 8 lawsuits seeking an end to tear gas, rubber bullets, explosives at protests". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on August 1, 2020. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  53. ^ Ellis, Rebecca (July 17, 2020). "ACLU Adds Federal Agencies To Lawsuit Against Portland Police". Oregon Public Broadcasting. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  54. ^ "Oregon AG files lawsuit against federal agencies for violating Oregonians' civil rights". KGW. July 17, 2020. Archived from the original on 18 July 2020. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  55. ^ Flanigan, Kaitlin (July 27, 2020). "Lawsuit: Trump using feds in Portland to create national police force". Koin.com. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  56. ^ Griffin, Anna; VanderHart, Dirk; Ellis, Rebecca (23 July 2020). "Portland Mayor Ted Wheeler faces boos, calls to resign and tear gas". Oregon Public Broadcasting. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
  57. ^ Eastman, Janet (2023-06-19). "5 Portland statues pulled down during 2020 protests will be subjects of new talks". oregonlive. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
  58. ^ Kavanaugh, Shane Dixon (2022-02-15). "Portland's beloved elk statue will return to downtown SW Main Street by early 2023". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on 2022-02-16. Retrieved 2022-02-16.
  59. ^ "What's Happening with the City's Monuments?". Portland.gov. Retrieved 2025-01-08.
  60. ^ "Massive change coming to Portland city government". opb. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
  61. ^ "2024 Election". Portland.gov. Archived from the original on August 7, 2023. Retrieved 2023-08-07.
  62. ^ Ann Markusen and Amanda Johnson, "Artists’ Centers: Evolution and Impact on Careers, Neighborhoods and Economies," (Project on Regional and Industrial Economics, Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, 2006). abstract
  63. ^ Portland? by Aaron Brown (2004) https://transcripts.cnn.com/show/asb/date/2004-09-28/segment/00
  64. ^ Our Next Art Capital, Portland? by Peter Plagens (2012) http://www.online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303916904577378300036157294.html Archived 2012-11-12 at the Wayback Machine

Further reading

[edit]
See also: Timeline of Portland, Oregon § Bibliography
  • Abbott, C. (2001). Greater Portland: Urban Life and Landscape in the Pacific Northwest. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1779-9.; full text online
  • Abbott, Carl. Portland in Three Centuries: The Place and the People (Oregon State University Press; 2011) 192 pages; scholarly history online
  • Abbott, Carl. Portland : gateway to the Northwest (1985) online
  • Gaston, Joseph (1911). Portland, Oregon, Its History and Builders: In Connection with the Antecedent Explorations, Discoveries, and Movements of the Pioneers that Selected the Site for the Great City of the Pacific. Chicago: S. J. Clarke Publishing Co. OCLC 1183569. In Three Volumes. Volume 1 | Volume 2 | Volume 3
  • Johnston, Robert D. The Radical Middle Class: Populist Democracy and the Question of Capitalism in Progressive Era Portland, Oregon (2003)
  • Lansing, Jewel (2003). Portland: People, Politics, and Power, 1851–2001. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press. ISBN 0-87071-559-3.
  • Leeson, Fred. Rose City Justice: A Legal History of Portland, Oregon (Portland: Oregon Historical Society Press, 1998)
  • Holbrook, Stewart (1952). The Far Corner. Comstock Editions. ISBN 0-89174-043-0. cite book: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  • MacColl, E. Kimbark (1976). The Shaping of a City: Business and Politics in Portland, Oregon 1885 to 1915. Portland: Georgian Press. OCLC 2645815.; online full text; also see online review
  • MacColl, E. Kimbark (1979). The Growth of a City: Power and Politics in Portland, Oregon 1915 to 1950. Portland: Georgian Press. ISBN 0-9603408-1-5.
  • MacColl, E. Kimbark, and Harry H. Stein. "The Economic Power of Portland's Early Merchants, 1851-1861." Oregon Historical Quarterly 89.2 (1988): 117–156.
  • MacGibbon, Elma (1904). Leaves of knowledge. Shaw & Borden Co. Elma MacGibbons reminiscences of her travels in the United States starting in 1898, which were mainly in Oregon and Washington. Includes chapter "Portland, the western hub."
  • Merriam, Paul Gilman. "Portland, Oregon, 1840–1890: A Social and Economic History". Ph.D. dissertation. University of Oregon, Department of History, 1971.  ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,  1971. 7208574.
  • Mullins, William H. The Depression and the Urban West Coast, 1929-1933: Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, and Portland (2000)
  • Ozawa, C., ed. (2004). The Portland Edge: Challenges and Successes in Growing Communities. Washington: Island Press. ISBN 1-55963-695-5.
  • Palahniuk, Chuck (2003). Fugitives and Refugees: A Walk in Portland, Oregon. Crown. ISBN 1-4000-4783-8.
  • Scott, H. W. ed. History of Portland, Oregon, with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Prominent Citizens and Pioneers (D. Mason & Company, 1890) 792pp full text online
  • Wong, Marie Rose. Sweet Cakes, Long Journey: The Chinatowns of Portland, Oregon (U of Washington Press, 2004) excerpt; also see each chapter abstract and online copy.
[edit]
 

 

This article is about the metropolitan area in Oregon and Washington. For the metropolitan area in Maine, see Portland metropolitan area, Maine.
Portland Metropolitan Area
Metropolitan Statistical Area
Portland–Vancouver–Hillsboro, OR–WA Metropolitan Statistical Area
Portland skyline from the Ross Island Bridge
Portland skyline from the Ross Island Bridge
Map
Portland–Vancouver–Salem, OR–WA CSA
  Portland–Vancouver–Hillsboro, OR–WA MSA
  Salem, OR MSA
  Albany, OR MSA
  Longview–Kelso, WA MSA
  Corvallis, OR MSA

 

CountryUnited StatesStateOregon
WashingtonLargest cityPortlandOther cities - Vancouver
 - Gresham
 - Hillsboro
 - Beaverton
 - Tigard
 - Oregon City
 - MilwaukieArea

 
 • Total

6,684 sq mi (17,310 km2)Highest elevation

 

11,249 ft (3,429 m)Lowest elevation

 

0 ft (0 m)Population

 (2020)
 • Total

2,512,859

 • Estimate 
(2022)

2,509,489 • Rank25th in the U.S. • Density367/sq mi (129/km2)GDP

[1]

 • Portland (MSA)$204.3 billion (2022)Time zoneUTC−8 (PST) • Summer (DST)UTC−7 (PDT)Area codes503, 971, 360 & 564

The Portland metropolitan area is a metro area with its core in the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington.[2][3] It has 5 principal cities, the largest being Portland, Oregon.[4] The U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) identifies it as the Portland–Vancouver–Hillsboro, OR–WA Metropolitan Statistical Area, a metropolitan statistical area used by the United States Census Bureau (USCB) and other entities. The OMB defines the area as comprising Clackamas, Columbia, Multnomah, Washington, and Yamhill Counties in Oregon, and Clark and Skamania Counties in Washington.[5] The area had a population of 2,512,859 at the 2020 census, an increase of over 12% since 2010.[6]

The Oregon portion of the metropolitan area is the state's largest urban center, while the Washington portion of the metropolitan area is the state's third-largest urban center after Seattle and Spokane (the Seattle Urban Area includes Tacoma and Everett[7]).[8] Portions of the Portland metro area (Clackamas, Multnomah, and Washington Counties) are under the jurisdiction of Metro,[9] a directly elected regional government which, among other things, is responsible for land-use planning in the region.

Metropolitan statistical area

[edit]
Historical population
Census Pop. Note %±
1860 16,751   —
1870 30,763   83.6%
1880 57,831   88.0%
1890 130,455   125.6%
1900 172,056   31.9%
1910 330,581   92.1%
1920 409,023   23.7%
1930 500,011   22.2%
1940 553,215   10.6%
1950 766,008   38.5%
1960 881,961   15.1%
1970 1,083,977   22.9%
1980 1,341,491   23.8%
1990 1,523,741   13.6%
2000 1,927,881   26.5%
2010 2,226,009   15.5%
2020 2,512,859   12.9%
2022 (est.) 2,509,489   −0.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[10]
2020 Census

2020 census

[edit]

As of the 2020 census, there were 2,512,859 people within the MSA.

2010 census

[edit]

As of the 2010 census, there were 2,226,009 people, 867,794 households, and 551,008 families residing within the MSA. The racial makeup of the MSA were as follows:[11][12]

In 2010 the median income for a household in the MSA was $53,078 and the median income for a family was $64,290. The per capita income was $27,451.[13]

The Portland–Vancouver–Hillsboro Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), the 23rd largest in the United States,[14] has a population of 2,226,009 (2010 Census). Of them, 1,789,580 live in Oregon (46.7% of the state's population) while the remaining 436,429 live in Washington (6.7% of state's population). It consists of Multnomah, Washington, Clackamas, Columbia and Yamhill counties in Oregon, as well as Clark and Skamania counties in Washington. The area includes Portland and the neighboring cities of Vancouver, Beaverton, Gresham, Hillsboro, Milwaukie, Lake Oswego, Oregon City, Fairview, Wood Village, Troutdale, Tualatin, Tigard, West Linn, Battle Ground, Camas and Washougal.

Changes in house prices for the metro area are publicly tracked on a regular basis using the Case–Shiller index; the statistic is published by Standard & Poor's and is also a component of S&P's 20-city composite index of the value of the U.S. residential real estate market.

County 2024 Estimate[15] 2020 Census Change Area Density
Clackamas County, Oregon 425,857 421,401 +1.06% 1,870.32 sq mi (4,844.1 km2) 224/sq mi (86/km2)
Columbia County, Oregon 54,063 52,589 +2.80% 657.36 sq mi (1,702.6 km2) 80/sq mi (31/km2)
Multnomah County, Oregon 795,897 815,428 −2.40% 431.30 sq mi (1,117.1 km2) 1,885/sq mi (728/km2)
Washington County, Oregon 611,272 600,372 +1.82% 724.23 sq mi (1,875.7 km2) 831/sq mi (321/km2)
Yamhill County, Oregon 110,886 107,722 +2.94% 715.86 sq mi (1,854.1 km2) 150/sq mi (58/km2)
Clark County, Washington 527,269 503,311 +4.76% 629.00 sq mi (1,629.1 km2) 956/sq mi (369/km2)
Skamania County, Washington 12,660 12,036 +5.18% 1,655.68 sq mi (4,288.2 km2) 7/sq mi (3/km2)
Total 2,537,904 2,512,859 +1.00% 6,683.75 sq mi (17,310.8 km2) 367/sq mi (142/km2)

Portland-Vancouver-Salem Combined Statistical Area

[edit]

As of July 2022, the Portland–Vancouver–Salem, OR–WA Combined Statistical Area (CSA) consists of five Metropolitan Statistical Areas, covering nine counties in Oregon and three counties in Washington:

The 2022 population estimate is 3,285,275, ranked 19th largest in the United States (3,280,736 based on the 2020 Census).

This area includes the Portland–Vancouver–Hillsboro, OR–WA Metropolitan Statistical Area; Salem, OR Metropolitan Statistical Area, and other surrounding areas.

Cities and other communities

[edit]

Major cities in the region in addition to Portland include Beaverton, Gresham, Hillsboro in Oregon, and Vancouver in Washington. The area also includes the smaller cities of Barlow, Banks, Canby, Clatskanie, Cornelius, Durham, Estacada, Fairview, Forest Grove, Gladstone, Happy Valley, Johnson City, King City, Lake Oswego, Milwaukie, Molalla, Oregon City, Rainier, Rivergrove, Sandy, Sherwood, North Plains, Tigard, Troutdale, Tualatin, West Linn, Wilsonville, Wood Village in Oregon, as well as Battle Ground, Camas, La Center, North Bonneville, Ridgefield, Stevenson and Washougal in Washington.

View from Oregon City with West Linn and with downtown Portland in the background.

It includes the unincorporated suburban communities in Oregon of Aloha, Beavercreek, Boring, Cedar Mill, Clackamas, Damascus, Dunthorpe, Garden Home, Raleigh Hills, and West Slope, as well as Hazel Dell, Minnehaha, Salmon Creek, Walnut Grove and Orchards in Washington.

Major
 
Other
 

Transportation

[edit]
See also: Transportation in Portland, Oregon

Portland is where Interstate 84 starts at Interstate 5, both major highways in the Pacific Northwest. Other primary roads include Interstate 205, an eastern bypass of the urban core, U.S. Route 26, which heads west and southeast, U.S. Route 30, which follows the Oregon side of the Columbia River northwest and east, mirrored by Washington State Route 14 east from Vancouver, and Oregon Route 217, which connects US 26 with I-5 in the south, travelling through Beaverton. Both US 26 and US 30 go to the Oregon Coast. SR 500 runs from Interstate 5 to SR 503. Padden Parkway runs from NE 78th St and east to NE 162nd Ave.

Transit service on the Oregon side is generally provided by TriMet. In addition, Sandy Area Metro serves Sandy, South Clackamas Transportation District serves nearby Molalla, Canby Area Transit serves Canby and South Metro Area Regional Transit serves Wilsonville. Service in Clark County is provided by C-Tran. In Columbia County, the Columbia County Rider provides transit service on weekdays connecting St. Helens with downtown Portland and connecting Scappoose and St. Helens with certain points in urban Washington County, including the PCC Rock Creek campus, Tanasbourne and the Willow Creek MAX light rail station.[16]

MAX light rail in Downtown Portland

Major airports

[edit]

Passenger rail

[edit]

Several daily Amtrak trains serve Portland Union Station as well as suburban stops in Oregon City and Vancouver. The Coast Starlight runs from Los Angeles to Seattle while Cascades connects Eugene to Vancouver, BC. The Empire Builder heads east to Chicago.

Major highways

[edit]

State highways, numbered as Interstate, U.S. and Oregon Routes, in the metropolitan area include:

Notable highways never built, or removed altogether, include Mount Hood Freeway, Interstate 505, and Harbor Drive.[17]

Sports

[edit]

The Portland MSA is home to a number of professional and semi-professional sports teams, including the NBA's Portland Trail Blazers, the Portland Timbers of Major League Soccer, the Portland Thorns FC of the National Women's Soccer League and the Portland Loggers of the North American Rugby League. Other teams include the Portland Pickles and the Hillsboro Hops. Portland is also home to two NCAA Division 1 universities, the Portland State Vikings and the Portland Pilots.

The Portland MSA also hosts a number of amateur sports, including college and high school sports. The high school rugby championships are held annually in the Portland MSA, and draw crowds of 8,000 to 10,000 supporters.[18]

Politics

[edit]
Presidential election results[19]
Year DEM GOP Others
2024 62.7% 834,779 33.4% 444,458 3.9% 52,269
2020 63.6% 900,757 33.1% 469,466 3.2% 45,300
2016 57.8% 672,364 31.9% 371,379 10.3% 119,802
2012 60.0% 632,945 36.6% 386,323 3.3% 34,862
2008 62.6% 657,076 34.9% 366,490 2.5% 26,202
2004 57.0% 587,901 41.7% 430,401 1.3% 13,357
2000 53.0% 443,629 41.3% 345,293 5.7% 47,440
1996 51.4% 380,537 35.6% 264,044 13.0% 96,411
1992 45.7% 357,117 30.5% 238,124 23.9% 186,437
1988 54.7% 343,172 43.4% 272,346 1.8% 11,547
1984 46.5% 290,504 52.9% 330,464 0.5% 3,228
1980 41.5% 246,639 44.8% 266,198 13.7% 81,212
1976 47.8% 255,813 48.0% 256,598 4.2% 22,531
1972 45.6% 226,237 50.1% 249,015 4.2% 21,040
1968 48.1% 211,351 46.7% 205,269 5.2% 22,887
1964 65.2% 273,608 34.5% 144,745 0.4% 1,545
1960 48.0% 198,802 51.9% 214,980 0.1% 511

The Portland metropolitan area is heavily Democratic and has voted for that party's presidential candidate in every election since 1988. This is helped by Multnomah County, which has given the Democratic nominee over 70% of the vote in every election since 2004.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Total Gross Domestic Product for Portland–Vancouver–Hillsboro, OR–WA (MSA)". fred.stlouisfed.org.
  2. ^ "2020 Census Urban Areas of the United States and Puerto Rico" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
  3. ^ "Federal Register/Vol. 75, No. 123/Monday, June 28, 2010/Notices" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
  4. ^ "PRINCIPAL CITIES OF METROPOLITAN AND MICROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS, MARCH 2020". US census bureau. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
  5. ^ "Update of Statistical Area Definitions and Guidance on Their Uses" (PDF). Office of Management and Budget. November 20, 2007. p. 45. Retrieved September 5, 2008 – via National Archives.
  6. ^ "2020 Census Metropolitan Statistical Area Profiles" (PDF). Retrieved February 13, 2023.
  7. ^ "2010 Census Urban Area Reference Maps". USCB, Geography Division. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
  8. ^ "A national, state-sorted list of all 2010 urbanized areas and urban clusters for the U.S., Puerto Rico, and Island Areas first sorted by state FIPS code, then sorted by UACE code". USCB, Geography Division. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
  9. ^ "Jurisdictional Boundaries". Metro. Retrieved August 1, 2011.
  10. ^ United States Census Bureau. "Census of Population and Housing". Retrieved July 26, 2013.
  11. ^ "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010". factfinder2.census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 21, 2019.
  12. ^ "Hispanic or Latino by Type: 2010". factfinder2.census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved April 4, 2020.
  13. ^ US Census Bureau. Factfinder2.census.gov. Retrieved on October 5, 2013.
  14. ^ "OMB Bulletin No. 10-02: Update of Statistical Area Definitions and Guidance on Their Uses" (PDF). Office of Management and Budget. December 1, 2009. Retrieved January 18, 2010 – via National Archives.
  15. ^ "County Population Totals and Components of Change: 2020-2022". Retrieved September 12, 2023.
  16. ^ "Schedules & Routes". Columbia County Rider. Archived from the original on August 16, 2014. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  17. ^ Young, Bob (March 9, 2005). "Highway to Hell". Willamette Week. Retrieved November 20, 2016.
  18. ^ USA Rugby, High school state championships gain rugby exposure Archived June 9, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, June 4, 2013
  19. ^ "Our Campaigns". Retrieved July 6, 2020.
[edit]
 
 

45°30′N 122°39′W / 45.5°N 122.65°W / 45.5; -122.65

 

 

"Oregon City" redirects here. For the ghost town in California, see Oregon City, California.

 

Oregon City is located in the United States
Oregon City
Oregon City
 
Oregon City, Oregon
wálamt (Chinook)
City
The McLoughlin House, est. 1845
The McLoughlin House, est. 1845
Official seal of Oregon City, Oregon
Seal
Nickname(s): 
End of the Oregon Trail, OC
Motto(s): 
Urbs civitatis nostrae prima et mater (English: First and mothertown of our state)
Location in Oregon
Location in Oregon
Oregon City is located in Oregon
Oregon City
Oregon City
 

Coordinates: 45°21′25″N 122°36′24″W / 45.35694°N 122.60667°W / 45.35694; -122.60667CountryUnited StatesStateOregonCountyClackamasFounded1829Incorporated1844Government

 

 • MayorDenyse McGriff[1]Area

[2]
 • Total

10.29 sq mi (26.64 km2) • Land10.05 sq mi (26.03 km2) • Water0.24 sq mi (0.61 km2)Elevation

[3]

466 ft (142 m)Population

 (2020)[4]
 • Total

36,975 • Density3,738.88/sq mi (1,443.54/km2)Time zoneUTC−8 (PST) • Summer (DST)UTC−7 (PDT)ZIP code

97045

Area codes503 and 971FIPS code41-55200GNIS feature ID2411332[3]Websitewww.orcity.org

Oregon City is a city in and the county seat of Clackamas County, Oregon, United States, located on the Willamette River near the southern limits of the Portland metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 37,572. Established in 1829 by the Hudson's Bay Company, in 1844, it became the first U.S. city west of the Rocky Mountains to be incorporated.

History

[edit]
Detail from Oregon City on the Willamette River by John Mix Stanley, c. 1850s (Amon Carter Museum of American Art)

Known in recent decades as the site of several large paper mills on the Willamette River, the city played a significant role in the early history of the Oregon Country. It was established by Hudson's Bay Company's Dr. John McLoughlin in 1829 near the confluence of the Clackamas River with the Willamette to take advantage of the power of Willamette Falls to run a lumber mill. During the 1840s and 1850s it was the destination for those wanting to file land claims after traveling the Oregon Trail as the last stop on the trail.[5][6]

It was the capital of the Oregon Territory from its establishment in 1848 until 1851, and rivaled Portland for early supremacy in the area. In 1846, the city's newspaper, the Oregon Spectator, was the first American newspaper to be published west of the Rocky Mountains. Oregon City College was established in 1849 as a Baptist school, but was defunct by the 1870s.[7] Oregon City was the site of the Beaver Coins Mint, producing the short-lived independent Oregon Territory currency in 1849.[8]

The center of the city retains part of its historic character through the preservation of houses and other buildings from the era of the city's founding.

Former Catholic archdiocese

[edit]

The town became the see city of the first Roman Catholic archdiocese in the western United States, when the diocese of Oregon City, established in 1846, was raised to metropolitan rank, with Archbishop François Norbert Blanchet as its ordinary. Its territory included all of the western United States. The population in the area of Oregon City declined due to the California Gold Rush. The population of nearby Portland grew, and the headquarters of the archdiocese was moved there in 1926. In 1928 the name Archdiocese of Portland in Oregon replaced the former name. No longer a residential bishopric, Oregon City is now a titular see.[9][10]

Oregon City, circa 1845
A sketch of Oregon City, 1847
A painting of Oregon City, c. 1850–52, by John Mix Stanley
Oregon City, circa 1867
Oregon City and Willamette Falls in 1888
The industrial district in 1895
Images of the evolving town of Oregon City though the 19th century

Geography

[edit]

The town is divided into upper and lower areas. The lower area is on a bench next to the Willamette River. The upper area is atop a bluff composed of Canemah basalt, which flowed about 2.5 million years ago from a vent 7.5 miles (12 km) to the southeast in the Boring Lava Field.[11] For many years, Indian trails connected the two levels, but stairs were built in the 19th century. In 1915, the town built the water-powered Oregon City Municipal Elevator to connect the two parts, which was converted to electricity in the 1920s. In 1952, a new electric elevator was constructed with the specification that it was to be "as plain as possible and without ornament."[12]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.29 square miles (24.06 km2), of which 9.05 square miles (23.44 km2) is land and 0.24 square miles (0.62 km2) is water.[13] The major waterways of Oregon City include the Willamette River, which flows along the northwest side of the city, and the Clackamas River, which merges with the larger Willamette to the north of the city. The Willamette forms the boundary between Oregon City and West Linn; the Clackamas serves as the boundary between Oregon City and Gladstone.

Willamette Falls

[edit]
Main article: Willamette Falls

The Willamette Falls Locks in West Linn were the first multi-lift navigational locks in the United States and are now a National Historical Site, no longer in use. The first long-distance electrical service in the United States originated in Oregon City in 1889, transmitting electricity 14 miles (23 km) to Portland.[14]

Climate

[edit]
Climate chart for Oregon City

Oregon City has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb). The Mediterranean climate regime resembles the climate of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, parts of western North America, parts of Western and South Australia, in southwestern South Africa and in parts of central Chile. The climate is characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters.

The average temperature throughout the year is 55.4 °F (13.0 °C), with the highest average temperature in July and August being 70.8 °F (21.6 °C), and December being the coldest month with an average temperature of 41.8 °F (5.4 °C). The annual precipitation is 44.81 inches (1,138 mm). It is mainly concentrated in winter (November to March), and the precipitation in July and August is obviously much less than in other months. In terms of temperature, there are 122 days with temperatures exceeding 70 °F (21 °C) per year, 18 days with temperatures exceeding 90 °F (32 °C), and one high-temperature day exceeding 100 °F (38 °C). However, there is no more than one ice day with the maximum temperature below 32 °F (0 °C) per year. Extreme temperatures range from −2 °F (−19 °C) on January 31, 1950, to 114 °F (46 °C) on June 28, 2021.

Climate data for Oregon City (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1948−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 66
(19)		 75
(24)		 83
(28)		 92
(33)		 104
(40)		 114
(46)		 108
(42)		 107
(42)		 105
(41)		 96
(36)		 75
(24)		 68
(20)		 114
(46)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 59.2
(15.1)		 62.8
(17.1)		 71.2
(21.8)		 80.5
(26.9)		 87.6
(30.9)		 92.7
(33.7)		 97.6
(36.4)		 97.7
(36.5)		 92.0
(33.3)		 79.4
(26.3)		 65.0
(18.3)		 58.5
(14.7)		 100.7
(38.2)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 48.3
(9.1)		 52.5
(11.4)		 58.0
(14.4)		 63.5
(17.5)		 70.9
(21.6)		 76.2
(24.6)		 83.9
(28.8)		 84.1
(28.9)		 77.9
(25.5)		 64.9
(18.3)		 53.4
(11.9)		 47.3
(8.5)		 65.1
(18.4)
Daily mean °F (°C) 42.5
(5.8)		 45.0
(7.2)		 48.9
(9.4)		 53.4
(11.9)		 59.7
(15.4)		 64.6
(18.1)		 70.5
(21.4)		 70.8
(21.6)		 65.4
(18.6)		 55.7
(13.2)		 47.0
(8.3)		 41.8
(5.4)		 55.4
(13.0)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 36.7
(2.6)		 37.5
(3.1)		 39.8
(4.3)		 43.3
(6.3)		 48.4
(9.1)		 52.9
(11.6)		 57.0
(13.9)		 57.5
(14.2)		 52.9
(11.6)		 46.5
(8.1)		 40.5
(4.7)		 36.3
(2.4)		 45.8
(7.7)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 25.6
(−3.6)		 27.2
(−2.7)		 30.9
(−0.6)		 33.8
(1.0)		 39.1
(3.9)		 44.9
(7.2)		 49.8
(9.9)		 48.7
(9.3)		 43.7
(6.5)		 35.6
(2.0)		 29.6
(−1.3)		 25.3
(−3.7)		 21.1
(−6.1)
Record low °F (°C) −2
(−19)		 6
(−14)		 22
(−6)		 28
(−2)		 31
(−1)		 37
(3)		 40
(4)		 32
(0)		 33
(1)		 24
(−4)		 9
(−13)		 6
(−14)		 −2
(−19)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 6.54
(166)		 4.46
(113)		 4.78
(121)		 3.84
(98)		 2.54
(65)		 1.79
(45)		 0.50
(13)		 0.56
(14)		 1.64
(42)		 4.23
(107)		 6.73
(171)		 7.20
(183)		 44.81
(1,138)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 15.8 11.9 15.2 13.5 10.1 6.7 2.6 2.4 5.2 10.0 14.5 14.8 122.7
Source: NOAA[15][16]

Economy

[edit]
Willamette Falls and a paper mill at Oregon City, on the Willamette River

For much of its existence, Oregon City's economy has been dominated by the forestry industry, until the decline of the Pacific Northwest lumber industry started in the 1980s. At its height, several mills operated in the city and surrounding communities. The last paper mill in the immediate vicinity closed in 2017[17] but reopened in 2019 under new ownership.[18]

With the growth of the Portland Metro region, Oregon City has become largely a suburb of Portland. Tourism is a growing sector with the emphasis on the city's history and the major renovation of the Willamette Falls area into a public-access, mixed-use space through the Willamette Falls Legacy Project.[19]

Government

[edit]

Oregon City is governed by a Mayor and a City Commission composed of the Mayor and four Commissioners elected from the City at large for terms of four years each.[20]

Oregon City was the capital of the Oregon Territory until 1851; the following governors served during that time:

Education

[edit]

The city, and several surrounding communities, is served by the Oregon City School District,[21] a public school district consisting of 7 elementary schools, two middle schools, a traditional four-year high school (Oregon City High School), and an alternative secondary school. Several schools in the district offer bilingual English/Spanish programs. Oregon City High School is the third most populated high school in Oregon, and is a state and national power in girls' basketball, winning three consecutive USA Today girls' national championships in the 1990s.[22]

The city also is the home of Clackamas Community College, numerous private and parochial schools, and a public library that is part of the Library Information Network of Clackamas County.

Points of interest

[edit]

Museums and historic buildings

[edit]
Municipal Elevator in Oregon City

Museums include the Museum of the Oregon Territory and the End of the Oregon Trail Interpretive Center, with costumed "living history" guides. The Clackamas County Historical Society archives, housed in the Museum of the Oregon Territory, also include the incorporation plat for the city of San Francisco. Clackamas Heritage Partners owns and operates these museums, along with the Stevens Crawford Museum. In 2009, Clackamas Heritage Partners announced that it could no longer afford to keep the museums open. The End of the Oregon Trail Interpretive Center was closed to the public indefinitely in September 2009; the Stevens Crawford Museum and Museum of the Oregon Territory, staffed largely by volunteers, continued to operate on a limited schedule.[23] The End of the Oregon Trail Interpretive Center eventually reopened during the summer of 2013 with the support of grants and donations from numerous sources.[24]

The Stevens-Crawford Heritage House Museum is a 1908 structure with 11 furnished rooms; exhibiting furniture from the collection of the Clackamas County Historical Society to replicate an Edwardian era home and Progressive Era narrative. Other historical buildings in Oregon City include the McLoughlin House, the Ermatinger House (oldest in Clackamas County), the Bank of Commerce Building, the Ainsworth House, the Harvey Cross House, the Oregon City Masonic Lodge, and the First Congregational Church.

The Oregon City Bridge over the Willamette River, built in 1922, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, as is the Oregon City Municipal Elevator.

Parks

[edit]

Oregon City has over 22 city parks. One of the city's larger parks is Clackamette Park, at the confluence of the Clackamas and Willamette Rivers. The park's features include RV camping, a boat launch and dock, a skateboard park, and other recreational facilities. Several community festivals are held there throughout the year. Other major parks include Chapin, Hillendale, Jon Storm Park, Rivercrest, and Wesley Lynn.

Transportation

[edit]

Road

[edit]
Main Street, circa 1920
Main Street c. 1920

Interstate 205 passes through the city's northern edge, and is the only freeway to serve the city. In addition, three state highways (Oregon Route 43, Oregon Route 99E, and Oregon Route 213) pass through or terminate in Oregon City. The former two serve the city's downtown core, the latter provides service to the southern parts of Oregon City.

Rail

[edit]

The Union Pacific Railroad mainline passes through the city. The city also has an Amtrak station, which is served twice daily in each direction by Amtrak Cascades trains running between Portland and Eugene, Oregon. The Coast Starlight (Seattle–Los Angeles) passes through but does not stop.

Air

[edit]

There are no public airports within the city. A small private airfield is along Beavercreek Road, south of Oregon City. Oregon City is served by Portland International Airport, 15 miles (24 km) to the north, and by Portland-Mulino Airport, a general-aviation facility in the town of Mulino, approximately 15 miles (24 km) to the south.

Water

[edit]

The Willamette River in Oregon City is navigable to small craft, and Oregon City has a thriving fishing and recreational boating industry. The Willamette Falls Locks once allowed boats to navigate around the falls. The Clackamas River is not navigable, except for the lowermost portions.

Mass transit

[edit]

As part of the greater Portland metropolitan area, Oregon City is served by TriMet, the regional transit authority, with several bus lines which converge at the Oregon City Transit Center. Until 1958, an interurban trolley line operated by the now-defunct Portland Traction Company connected Oregon City with Portland;[25] remnants of this line are still visible (such as an abandoned bridge across the Clackamas River, just east of the OR 99E bridge). In more recent years, the city operated a "historic trolley" service during the summer months, primarily to serve the needs of tourism, but the vehicles used were trolley-replica buses, rather than actual trolley cars, and in 2013 it was decided to discontinue that service and sell the vehicles.[26]

Two other public agencies provide transit service in Oregon City, supplementing that of TriMet. The South Clackamas Transportation District (SCTD) operates a route between Clackamas Community College on the south east end of Oregon City to Molalla, about 18 miles (29 km) south on Oregon Route 213. Canby Area Transit (CAT) operates regular service on Oregon Route 99E between the Oregon City Transit Center and Canby. SMART, South Metro Area Regional Transit, serving Wilsonville, connects to CAT in Canby. CAT also has service to Woodburn.

Dial-a-Ride service is operated by TriMet, but CAT also operates within the Oregon City city limits for trips originating or terminating in the CAT service area. If transfers between TriMet and CAT are necessary, they are accomplished at the Oregon City Transit Center (OCTC) at 11th & Main, which is at the northeast end of the downtown area.

Demographics

[edit]

2010 census

[edit]
Historical population
Census Pop. Note %±
1860 1,229   —
1870 1,382   12.4%
1880 1,262   −8.7%
1890 3,167   151.0%
1900 3,494   10.3%
1910 4,987   42.7%
1920 5,686   14.0%
1930 5,761   1.3%
1940 6,124   6.3%
1950 7,082   15.6%
1960 7,996   12.9%
1970 9,176   14.8%
1980 14,673   59.9%
1990 14,698   0.2%
2000 25,754   75.2%
2010 31,859   23.7%
2020 37,572   17.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[27]
2018 Estimate[28][4]

As of the census[29] of 2010, there were 31,859 people, 11,973 households, and 8,206 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,520.3 inhabitants per square mile (1,359.2/km2). There were 12,900 housing units at an average density of 1,425.4 per square mile (550.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 91.1% White, 0.6% African American, 0.9% Native American, 1.7% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 2.3% from other races, and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.3% of the population.

There were 11,973 households, of which 36.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.7% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.5% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.07.

The median age in the city was 36.3 years. 25.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.8% were from 25 to 44; 25.7% were from 45 to 64; and 11.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.3% male and 50.7% female.

2000 census

[edit]

As of the census of 2000, there were 25,754 people, 9,471 households, and 6,667 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,163.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,221.6/km2). There were 10,110 housing units at an average density of 1,242.0 per square mile (479.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 92.44% White, 1.12% Asian, 1.08% Native American, 0.58% African American, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 2.15% from other races, and 2.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.98% of the population.

There were 9,471 households, out of which 36.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.0% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 22.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 32.5% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $45,531, and the median income for a family was $51,597. Males had a median income of $38,699 versus $29,547 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,870. About 6.5% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.0% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.

Neighborhoods

[edit]
Beaver Coins
Sketch of $5 & $10 Beaver Coins

Oregon City has 12 officially recognized neighborhood associations:[30]

  • The Park Place neighborhood is in the Northeast on a bluff overlooking Abernethy Green. Formerly an independent community, Park Place was platted in 1889, and a post office was established the following year. For a while the name was changed to "Parkplace."[31]
  • The Two Rivers neighborhood is the lowest-elevation area of town and is primarily commercial, including downtown Oregon City, the End of the Oregon Trail Visitor's Center at Abernethy Green, and Clackamette Park.
Oregon City City Hall
  • The McLoughlin neighborhood is on a bluff overlooking downtown and includes many of the older homes in the City including designated sites like the John McLoughlin House. The McLoughlin Neighborhood also includes the public library, pool, and hospital.
  • The Elyville neighborhood surrounds the Northern section of Molalla Avenue, the former route of Oregon Route 213 before it was moved to the Oregon City Bypass to the east. Elyville includes the historic Mountain View Cemetery where many of the oldest pioneer settlers are buried.
  • The Canemah neighborhood lies along Oregon Route 99E, and is a narrow strip of land sandwiched between the Willamette River and a bluff. Canemah was founded in 1845 as an independent city before being annexed into Oregon City. It was the portage site around Willamette Falls for many years. It was supposedly named after an Indian chief.[31]
  • The Rivercrest neighborhood overlooks the Willamette River to the West.
  • The South End neighborhood is in the Southwest.
  • The Hazel Grove/Westling Farm neighborhood is on the Southern side of the city.
  • The Tower Vista neighborhood is also in the South, East of Hazel Grove/Whistling Farm.
  • The Hillendale neighborhood lies in the central part of the city and contains the Clackamas County government campus.
  • The Gaffney Lane neighborhood lies south of Hillendale, centered around the elementary school of the same name.
  • The Caufield neighborhood is the farthest southeast and includes Clackamas Community College and Oregon City High School.

Notable people

[edit]

In addition to John McLoughlin, the "Father of Oregon" and chief factor of the Hudson's Bay Company, and Vietnam-era Medal of Honor recipient Larry G. Dahl, Oregon City has been home to the following:

Oregon pioneers
Political activists
  • William Simon U'Ren (1859-1949), lawyer, known as the Father of the Oregon System of government.

Sister cities

[edit]

According to Sister Cities International, Oregon City has one sister city:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Mayor Denyse McGriff | Oregon City, OR". www.orcity.org. Archived from the original on May 11, 2024. Retrieved June 25, 2024.
  2. ^ "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2023. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
  3. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Oregon City, Oregon
  4. ^ a b "Census Population API". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2023. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
  5. ^ "The Oregon Trail: Oregon City". Archived from the original on July 23, 2011.
  6. ^ "America's Byways: Historic Columbia River Highway" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on June 20, 2007. Retrieved April 17, 2007.
  7. ^ Lange, Erwin F. (December 1936). "Oregon City Private Schools, 1843-59". Oregon Historical Quarterly. 37 (4). Oregon Historical Society: 317–323. JSTOR 20611017.
  8. ^ "Rare minted-in-Oregon 'beaver coin' sells for $125,000". KATU. January 24, 2006. Archived from the original on October 10, 2007. Retrieved July 5, 2007.
  9. ^ Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013, ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 945
  10. ^ Roberts, Anthony (July 14, 2009). "Oregon City gets its own bishop — sort of". The Oregon City News. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013. Retrieved March 28, 2013.
  11. ^ O'Connor, Jim E.; Dorsey, Rebecca J.; Madin, Ian P., eds. (2009). Volcanoes to Vineyards: Geologic Field Trips through the Dynamic Landscape of the Pacific Northwest. Boulder, Colorado: The Geological Society of America. p. 267. ISBN 978-0-8137-0015-1.
  12. ^ "Oregon City Elevator history". Oregon City historical information website. Oregon City. Archived from the original on February 3, 2013. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
  13. ^ "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  14. ^ "Willamette Falls Power Plants". Edison Tech Center. Archived from the original on March 24, 2018. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
  15. ^ "xmACIS2". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on August 15, 2019. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
  16. ^ "Station: OREGON CITY, OR US USC00356334". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on March 7, 2024. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
  17. ^ Malee, Patrick (October 16, 2017). "West Linn Paper Company will close after 128 years". Portland Tribune. Archived from the original on August 15, 2018. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
  18. ^ "West Linn paper mill to reopen this summer with new owner, 85 employees". June 26, 2019.
  19. ^ "Willamette Falls Legacy Project". Willamette Falls Legacy Project. Archived from the original on July 14, 2022. Retrieved July 13, 2022.
  20. ^ "Oregon City Government - Mayor and Commission". Archived from the original on December 15, 2019. Retrieved December 14, 2019.
  21. ^ Oregon City School District Archived February 2, 2006, at the Wayback Machine official website
  22. ^ Oregonian/OregonLive, Jerry Ulmer (March 9, 2016). "The Top 20 all-time Oregon high school girls basketball teams". oregonlive.com. Oregonian Media Group. Archived from the original on January 28, 2020. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
  23. ^ Graham, Matthew (August 18, 2009). "Iconic Oregon City museum closing again". The Oregon City News. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013. Retrieved March 28, 2013.
  24. ^ Rendleman, Raymond (August 14, 2013). "Reporter". Clackamas Review. Archived from the original on January 1, 2015. Retrieved January 16, 2014.
  25. ^ Thompson, Richard (2006). Portland's Streetcars. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 114–121. ISBN 0-7385-3115-4.
  26. ^ Mayes, Steve (July 27, 2013). "Oregon City trolley makes its last run on Labor Day, 3-bus fleet will be sold". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on October 28, 2013. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
  27. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". Census.gov. Archived from the original on July 1, 2021. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
  28. ^ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
  29. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 18, 2014. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  30. ^ "Neighborhood Associations". orcity.org. Archived from the original on March 21, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2025.
  31. ^ a b McArthur, Lewis A.; Lewis L. McArthur (2003) [1928]. Oregon Geographic Names (7th ed.). Portland, Oregon: Oregon Historical Society Press. ISBN 0-87595-277-1.
  32. ^ Rich Fellers,
  33. ^ "www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Oregon City, Oregon". www.sister-cities.org. Archived from the original on June 22, 2015. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Oregon City.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oregon City, Oregon.
 
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Oregon City".
 
 
 
 

 

 

Counties of Oregon
Location State of Oregon
Number 36
Populations 1,456 (Wheeler) – 795,897 (Multnomah)[1]
Areas 435 square miles (1,130 km2) (Multnomah) – 10,135 square miles (26,250 km2) (Harney)
Government
Subdivisions  

There are 36 counties in the U.S. State of Oregon. The Oregon Constitution does not explicitly provide for county seats; Article VI, covering the "Administrative Department" of the state of Oregon, simply states that:

All county and city officers shall keep their respective offices at such places therein, and perform such duties, as may be prescribed by law.[2]

More details on the etymologies of Oregon county names and place names in general are documented in Oregon Geographic Names. Oregon's postal abbreviation is OR and its FIPS state code is 41.

Oregon counties by date of establishment
  1840–1849
  1850–1859
  1860–1869
  1870–1889
  After 1890
 

County information

[edit]

The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) code, which is used by the United States government to uniquely identify counties, is provided with each entry. The FIPS code for each county links to census data for that county.

 
County FIPS code[3] County seat[4] Est.[4] Origin[5] Etymology[5] Population[6] Area[4] Map
Baker County 001 Baker City 1862 Eastern portion of Wasco County Named in honor of Edward Dickinson Baker, who died in combat while serving as Oregon senator. 16,750 3,068 sq mi
(7,946 km2)		 State map highlighting Baker County
Benton County 003 Corvallis 1847 Polk County Named for Thomas Hart Benton, senator and advocate of U.S. annexation of the Oregon Country. 98,899 676 sq mi
(1,751 km2)		 State map highlighting Benton County
Clackamas County 005 Oregon City 1843 One of the original four districts of the Oregon Country Named for the Clackamas people, a local Native American tribe. 425,857 1,868 sq mi
(4,838 km2)		 State map highlighting Clackamas County
Clatsop County 007 Astoria 1844 Northern and western portions of the original Twality District Named for the Clatsop, a local Native American tribe. 41,043 827 sq mi
(2,142 km2)		 State map highlighting Clatsop County
Columbia County 009 Saint Helens 1854 Northern half of Washington County Named for the neighboring Columbia River. 54,063 657 sq mi
(1,702 km2)		 State map highlighting Columbia County
Coos County 011 Coquille 1853 Western parts of Umpqua and Jackson Counties Named for the Coos people, a regional Native American group. 64,326 1,600 sq mi
(4,144 km2)		 State map highlighting Coos County
Crook County 013 Prineville 1882 Southern part of Wasco County Named for George Crook, a Union army officer in the Civil War and Indian Wars. 27,336 2,980 sq mi
(7,718 km2)		 State map highlighting Crook County
Curry County 015 Gold Beach 1855 Coos County Named for George Law Curry, governor of the Oregon Territory. 22,774 1,627 sq mi
(4,214 km2)		 State map highlighting Curry County
Deschutes County 017 Bend 1916 Southern part of Crook County Named for the Deschutes River from French Riviere des Chutes, 'River of the falls'. 211,535 3,018 sq mi
(7,817 km2)		 State map highlighting Deschutes County
Douglas County 019 Roseburg 1852 Portion of Umpqua County which lay east of the Coast Range summit Named for senator Stephen A. Douglas, a supporter of Oregon's admission to the union. 112,255 5,037 sq mi
(13,046 km2)		 State map highlighting Douglas County
Gilliam County 021 Condon 1885 Eastern third of Wasco County Named for Oregon pioneer Cornelius Gilliam (1798–1848). 1,971 1,204 sq mi
(3,118 km2)		 State map highlighting Gilliam County
Grant County 023 Canyon City 1864 Parts of old Wasco and old Umatilla counties Named for Ulysses S. Grant prior to his election as president, in recognition of his military service. 7,093 4,529 sq mi
(11,730 km2)		 State map highlighting Grant County
Harney County 025 Burns 1889 Southern two-thirds of Grant County Named in honor of cavalry officer William S. Harney. 7,402 10,135 sq mi
(26,250 km2)		 State map highlighting Harney County
Hood River County 027 Hood River 1908 Northwest portion of Wasco County Named for the Hood River. 23,764 522 sq mi
(1,352 km2)		 State map highlighting Hood River County
Jackson County 029 Medford 1852 Southwestern portion of Lane County and unorganized area south of Douglas and Umpqua Counties. Named for President Andrew Jackson. 221,331 2,785 sq mi
(7,213 km2)		 State map highlighting Jackson County
Jefferson County 031 Madras 1914 Crook County Named for the adjacent Mount Jefferson, itself named for President Thomas Jefferson. 25,536 1,781 sq mi
(4,613 km2)		 State map highlighting Jefferson County
Josephine County 033 Grants Pass 1856 Western half of Jackson County Named for Virginia "Josephine" Rollins, the first female settler in the area. 88,276 1,640 sq mi
(4,248 km2)		 State map highlighting Josephine County
Klamath County 035 Klamath Falls 1882 Western part of Lake County Named for the Klamath people, a local Native American tribe. 70,438 5,945 sq mi
(15,397 km2)		 State map highlighting Klamath County
Lake County 037 Lakeview 1874 Jackson and Wasco Counties Named for the large number of local lakes and springs. 8,194 7,940 sq mi
(20,565 km2)		 State map highlighting Lake County
Lane County 039 Eugene 1851 Southern part of Linn County and the portion of Benton County east of Umpqua County Named for Joseph Lane, the first governor of the Oregon Territory. 382,396 4,554 sq mi
(11,795 km2)		 State map highlighting Lane County
Lincoln County 041 Newport 1893 Western portion of Benton County and Polk County Named for President Abraham Lincoln. 51,212 980 sq mi
(2,538 km2)		 State map highlighting Lincoln County
Linn County 043 Albany 1847 Southern portion of Champoeg (later Marion) County Named for Lewis F. Linn, sponsor of the Donation Land Act. 132,474 2,291 sq mi
(5,934 km2)		 State map highlighting Linn County
Malheur County 045 Vale 1887 Southern portion of Baker County Named for the Malheur River, itself from French Riviere au Malheur, 'Unfortunate River', named by French fur trappers whose belongings were stolen along the river. 32,315 9,888 sq mi
(25,610 km2)		 State map highlighting Malheur County
Marion County 047 Salem 1843 One of the original four districts of the Oregon territory Named for Francis Marion (1732-1795), a Revolutionary War general. 352,867 1,185 sq mi
(3,069 km2)		 State map highlighting Marion County
Morrow County 049 Heppner 1885 Western portion of Umatilla County and a small portion of eastern Wasco County Named for state representative Jackson L. Morrow, an advocate for the formation of the county. 12,360 2,033 sq mi
(5,265 km2)		 State map highlighting Morrow County
Multnomah County 051 Portland 1854 Eastern part of Washington and the northern part of Clackamas counties Named for the Multnomah people, a Chinookan band from Sauvie Island. 795,897 435 sq mi
(1,127 km2)		 State map highlighting Multnomah County
Polk County 053 Dallas 1845 Yamhill District Named for President James Knox Polk, who was serving during the county's creation. 90,549 741 sq mi
(1,919 km2)		 State map highlighting Polk County
Sherman County 055 Moro 1889 Northeast corner of Wasco County Named for Union general William Tecumseh Sherman. 2,002 823 sq mi
(2,132 km2)		 State map highlighting Sherman County
Tillamook County 057 Tillamook 1853 Clatsop, Yamhill and Polk Counties Named for the Tillamook people, a Native American tribe. 27,264 1,102 sq mi
(2,854 km2)		 State map highlighting Tillamook County
Umatilla County 059 Pendleton 1862 Central portion of Wasco County Named for the adjacent Umatilla River, derived from a Sahaptin, word possibly meaning laughing waters. 80,491 3,215 sq mi
(8,327 km2)		 State map highlighting Umatilla County
Union County 061 La Grande 1864 Baker County Named for the town of Union, itself named for the Union during the Civil War. 26,058 2,037 sq mi
(5,276 km2)		 State map highlighting Union County
Wallowa County 063 Enterprise 1887 Eastern portion of Union County. Named after the Nez Perce wallowa, a tripod of poles used to support fish nets. 7,522 3,145 sq mi
(8,146 km2)		 State map highlighting Wallowa County
Wasco County 065 The Dalles 1854 Parts of Clackamas, Lane, Linn and Marion counties Named for the Wasco people, a Native American tribe. 26,507 2,381 sq mi
(6,167 km2)		 State map highlighting Wasco County
Washington County 067 Hillsboro 1843 One of the original four districts of the Oregon Country (as Twality District) Named for president George Washington. 611,272 724 sq mi
(1,875 km2)		 State map highlighting Washington County
Wheeler County 069 Fossil 1899 Grant County, Gilliam County, and Crook County Named for Henry H. Wheeler, an early Oregon mail carrier. 1,456 1,715 sq mi
(4,442 km2)		 State map highlighting Wheeler County
Yamhill County 071 McMinnville 1843 One of the original four districts of the Oregon Country Named for the Yamhill band of Kalapuya, a local Native American group. 110,886 716 sq mi
(1,854 km2)		 State map highlighting Yamhill County

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Multnomah County, Oregon". census.gov.
  2. ^ "Oregon Secretary of State: Constitution of Oregon". sos.oregon.gov.
  3. ^ "EPA County FIPS Code Listing". EPA. Archived from the original on December 13, 2012. Retrieved April 9, 2007.
  4. ^ a b c National Association of Counties. "NACo – Find a county". Archived from the original on October 25, 2007. Retrieved April 26, 2007.
  5. ^ a b Oregon State Archives. "County Government". Oregon Blue Book. Retrieved February 23, 2008.
  6. ^ "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Oregon". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 14, 2025.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Counties of Oregon.
 

 

 

There are several well-known and commonly used nicknames referring to Portland, Oregon.

Nicknames

[edit]

City of Roses

[edit]
See also: Roses in Portland, Oregon

The official,[1] and also most common, nickname for Portland is The City of Roses[1][2][3] or Rose City.[4] The first known reference to Portland as "The City of Roses" was made by visitors to an 1888 Episcopal Church convention.[citation needed]

In 1889, the Portland Rose Society was founded, and promoted the planting of 20 miles (32 km) of Portland's streets with roses in advance of the 1905 Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition.[5] The nickname grew in popularity after the exposition, where Mayor Harry Lane suggested that the city needed a "festival of roses."[2]

The nickname is often attributed to Leo Samuel,[6] who founded the Oregon Life Insurance Company in 1906 (known today as Standard Insurance Company). Samuel, who moved to Portland in 1871,[7] grew roses outside his home. He placed a pair of shears outside his garden so people could snip a rose from his garden to take for themselves. This encouraged other people and businesses to plant their own roses outside their homes and business. Today, roses are still planted outside the Standard Insurance Company's home office building in downtown Portland.

The first Portland Rose Festival was held in 1907, and remains the city's major annual festival more than a century later.[5] In 1917, the International Rose Test Garden was established, and it now features more than 7,000 rose plants of 550 varieties. It is the oldest continuously operating public rose test garden in the United States.

The "City of Roses" nickname inspired the name for the four-year-old female Asian elephant who arrived in 1953, Rosy. The first elephant ever to live in Oregon, she remained the matriarch of the Oregon Zoo's herd and gave birth to six calves before her death in 1993.[8] On August 31, 1994, her daughter Me-Tu became the first elephant in North America to have twins. On August 23, 2008, her granddaughter Rose-Tu (the surviving twin) gave birth to Samudra, the first third-generation elephant born in the United States.

On June 18, 2003, the city council unanimously approved a resolution adopting "City of Roses" as the city's official nickname.[1][2]

Stumptown

[edit]

Stumptown was coined in a period of phenomenal growth in Portland after 1847. The city was growing so rapidly that the stumps of trees were left behind until manpower could be spared to remove them. In some areas the stumps remained for so long that locals whitewashed them to make them more visible. They also used them to cross the street without sinking into the mud.[9][10] Captain John C. Ainsworth commented that there were "more stumps than trees" in Portland in the early 1850s.[9][11]

Rip City

[edit]

The nickname Rip City is usually used in the context of the city's NBA team, the Portland Trail Blazers.[12] The term was coined by the team's play-by-play announcer Bill Schonely during a game against the Los Angeles Lakers on February 18, 1971, the Blazers' first season.[13] In the days prior to the three-point field goal, Blazers guard Jim Barnett took an ill-advised long-distance shot that nonetheless went in, giving the new team hope for a victory against the powerful Lakers. Excited, Schonely exclaimed "Rip City Baby!" Schonely admits that he has no idea how he came up with the expression, but it became synonymous with the team and the city of Portland.[14]

Beervana

[edit]

This nickname reflects the wide variety of craft beers brewed in Portland and throughout the state of Oregon.[15][16]

PDX

[edit]

The city of Portland is nicknamed PDX after the International Air Transport Association airport code for the Portland International Airport which is within the city limits. For example, the domain name for Portland State University of pdx.edu was chosen in 1987, since psu.edu had already been given to Pennsylvania State University in the previous year.[17] As well, many Portland businesses include pdx in their web sites' domain names to denote their Portland location.[citation needed] Although licensed in adjacent Vancouver, WA, KPDX-TV's call letter reflect this nickname.

Ordinary or obscure nicknames

[edit]

City of Churches

[edit]
 

Portland was once compared with Brooklyn, New York, whose official nickname was "city of churches", by the Sunday Oregonian as seen on the front page of its November 12, 1899 issue of which a reproduction can be seen on the outside of the Oregonian's building. It reads, "On the Pacific coast, Portland occupies the same relative position as that of Brooklyn on the Atlantic seaboard and might well be called "a city of churches"...Wherever the stranger wanders here he will see steeples pointing heavenward, in the very midst of one of the most pleasing landscapes in all the world, embracing, as it does the comprehensive view of river and vale, hill and mountain, farm and fruit orchard, city and country—all combined."[18]

In more recent years Portland is considered one of the least churched major cities in the United States.[19]

Little Beirut

[edit]

Staffers of former U.S. President George H. W. Bush used to refer to Portland as Little Beirut because of the protesters he encountered during his visits.[20] [21] [22]

Forbidden City of the West

[edit]

Portland has been referred to as the Forbidden City of the West, an allusion to Beijing's Forbidden City. The city received the nickname due to its history of Shanghaiing and the legends that such actions took place in the city's Shanghai tunnels.[23]

P-Town

[edit]

Portland is sometimes called P-Town by some locals.[24][25][26]

Bridge City or Bridgetown

[edit]

The City of Portland is bisected by the Willamette River. Twelve Portland bridges span the Willamette River. Because of the many bridges, Portland has earned the nickname Bridge City.[27]

Soccer City USA

[edit]

Portland is home to a very successful MLS franchise, the Portland Timbers and a very successful NWSL franchise, the Portland Thorns. The Portland Timbers hosted the 2021 MLS Cup. The Portland Thorns have won three NWSL Championships, most recently in 2022.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Stern, Henry (June 19, 2003). "Name comes up roses for P-town: City Council sees no thorns in picking ‘City of Roses’ as Portland's moniker". The Oregonian, p. D1.
  2. ^ a b c "City Flower". City of Portland Auditor's Office. Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved May 13, 2023.
  3. ^ "Moniker List". Tagline Guru. Retrieved April 25, 2023.
  4. ^ "Queen City". Time. January 30, 1928. Archived from the original on February 16, 2008. Retrieved November 2, 2013.
  5. ^ a b "International Rose Test Garden – Washington Park". Portland Parks & Recreation. Retrieved November 13, 2014.
  6. ^ "StanCorp Financial History Page". Retrieved April 25, 2023.
  7. ^ "Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions". Answers. Retrieved April 25, 2023.
  8. ^ "Elephant matriarch Rosy dies at 43". (January 29, 1993). The Oregonian, p. C1.
  9. ^ a b MacColl, E. Kimbark (1979). The Growth of a City: Power and Politics in Portland, Oregon 1915–1950. Portland, Oregon: The Georgian Press. ISBN 0-9603408-1-5.
  10. ^ "From Robin's Nest to Stumptown". End of the Oregon Trail Interpretive Center. Archived from the original on September 1, 2000. Retrieved November 7, 2006.
  11. ^ MacColl cites the "4 March 1877, entry in 'Autobiographical Account', John C. Ainsworth Papers, OHS; Oregonian; 4 December 1900"
  12. ^ Jaynes, Dwight (June 5, 2007). "The day Rip City ruled the Rose City". The Portland Tribune. Archived from the original on February 18, 2014. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
  13. ^ "Bill Schonely Returns to Blazers". National Basketball Association. September 10, 2003. Archived from the original on November 18, 2003. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  14. ^ Quick, Jason (October 14, 2009). "Ill-advised shot from feisty guard leaves indelible mark on Blazers". The Oregonian. Retrieved October 15, 2009.
  15. ^ Beervana opb.org
  16. ^ Freewheeling Portland, Oregon USA Today, 2008-08-14
  17. ^ Freedman, David H (1997). At Large: The Strange Case of the World's Biggest Internet Invasion. Simon and Schuster. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-684-82464-2.
  18. ^ "Portland's Churches and Churchgoers". Sunday Oregonian. November 12, 1899.
  19. ^ See, for example, Antonia Blumberg, "The 30 Least Religious Cities In The United States" Huffington Post website, citing Joanna Piacenza, Robert P. Jones, "The Top Two Religious Groups That Dominate American Cities", Public Religion Research Institute website (last accessed 1 January 2021)
  20. ^ McCall, William (August 18, 2003). "'Little Beirut' nickname has stuck". The Oregonian.
  21. ^ McCall, William (August 18, 2003). "Portland police, activists get ready for Bush's visit". The Seattle Times. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  22. ^ Perry, Douglas (May 18, 2019). "'Little Beirut' legacy: 21 of the most memorable protests in Portland history". The Oregonian. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  23. ^ Mellema, Valerie (March 2008). "Portland Underground: Shanghai Tunnels – Legends of America". Legends of America. Retrieved September 23, 2018.
  24. ^ Hagestedt, Andre (April 7, 2009). "The Missing Oregon Coast: Waves After Dark". Retrieved April 30, 2009. I'm used to seeing that hint of dawn back in P-town, with my wretched habit of playing video games until 6 a.m
  25. ^ Griffin, Anna (April 24, 2007). "Free bikes failed, so P-town thinks rentals". The Oregonian. Retrieved April 30, 2009. The city of Portland soon could become the Hertz, Avis and Enterprise of the bicycling business
  26. ^ Nkrumah, Wade (March 31, 2005). "P-town grinds toward skate park legitimacy". The Oregonian. Retrieved April 30, 2009. Skateboarders are abuzz over plans for Portland's first city-funded skate parks
  27. ^ Acker, Lizzy (June 2016). "Portland's nicknames, explained". The Oregonian. Retrieved September 29, 2019.

 

Government of the City of Portland, Oregon
Seal of Portland, Oregon
Formation 1851; 174 years ago (1851)
City charter Portland City Charter
Website www.portland.gov
City-wide elected officials
City Auditor Portland City Auditor
Legislative branch
Legislature Portland City Council
Meeting place Portland City Hall
Executive branch
Mayor Mayor of Portland, Oregon
Appointed by Election
Headquarters Portland City Hall

The government of Portland, Oregon, is based on a mayor–council government system. Elected officials include the mayor, a 12-member city council, and a city auditor. The city council is responsible for legislative policy, while the mayor appoints a professional city manager who oversees the various bureaus and day-to-day operations of the city. The mayor is elected at-large, while the council is elected in four geographic districts using single transferable vote, with 3 winning candidates per district. Portland's current form of government was approved by voters in a 2022 ballot measure, with the first elections under the new system held in 2024.[1]

Prior to 2022, Portland used a city commission government system, with the mayor and four city commissioners directly overseeing operations of the city bureaus.[2] Under the previous system, all elected officials were elected at-large and served four-year terms with no term limits. Portland began using a commission form of government in 1913 following a public vote on May 3 of that year.[3]

History

[edit]

The Portland Charter was the subject of much debate circa 1911–1912. Rival charters were drafted by four different groups, including the "official charter committee," appointed by the mayor; the "people's charter committee," constituted under the auspices of the East Side Business Men's Club; another citizen's committee which drafted the Short Charter; and the "people's committee," led by W.C. Benbow, which drafted the Benbow Charter. The Short Charter was unusual in that it would have used Bucklin voting to elect the mayor and implemented interactive representation of the people through the commissioner system; each commissioner's vote would have been weighted according to the number of votes he received in the election. The city council appointed a committee to draft a compromise charter. This charter, along with the Short Charter, were defeated in referendums. The following year, the city council submitted another charter to the people, which was accepted.[4] The city commission government form consequently came into use in 1913, with H. Russell Albee being the first mayor under the new system.[3]

2022 Charter Reform

[edit]

Ballot Measure 26–228 in the November 2022 election was an amendment to the city charter that moved the city away from a commission system of government. It expands the council from four at-large council members to 12 councilors, who are elected via single transferable vote from four geographic districts (with three council members from each district). The mayor is no longer a voting member of the council, except when needed to make a tie-breaking vote. It also transferred responsibility for direct management of city bureaus from commissioners to a city manager overseen by the mayor and confirmed by the council.[5] Previous attempts to reform the city charter had been defeated seven times since 1913,[6] including as recently as 2007.[citation needed]

The first city council elections under the new districts were held in 2024.[7] In preparation for transitioning management of city bureaus to a city manager, then-mayor Ted Wheeler announced he would group city bureaus into five related service areas.[8] By 2025, six service areas had been formed, including Budget & Finance, City Operations, Community & Economic Development, Public Safety, Vibrant Communities, and Public Works. Additionally, four bureaus were placed under the City Administrator’s office, facilitating close oversight from the mayor. [9][10][11]

City Council

[edit]

Main article: Portland, Oregon City Council
Portland City Council in session in April 2008. From left, Randy Leonard, Sam Adams (then city commissioner), then-Mayor Tom Potter, and Dan Saltzman.

Terms are staggered, with the mayor and councilors for districts 1 and 2 elected in the same years as presidential elections, while the auditor and the councilors for districts 3 and 4 elected in the same years as gubernatorial elections.[12] The City Council convenes on Wednesday mornings and Wednesday afternoons in the council chamber on the second floor of Portland City Hall, and meetings are open to the public.[12]

Current city council members

[edit]
For a list of all current and former city councilors, see List of members of the Portland City Council.
District Name Elected
1 Candace Avalos 2024
Loretta Smith 2024
Jamie Dunphy 2024
2 Dan Ryan 2020
Elana Pirtle-Guiney 2024
Sameer Kanal 2024
3 Steve Novick 2024
Tiffany Koyama Lane 2024
Angelita Morillo 2024
4 Olivia Clark 2024
Mitch Green 2024
Eric Zimmerman 2024

Notable former commissioners

[edit]

Elections

[edit]

City Council seats, the city auditor, and the mayor are non-partisan, elected positions; each carries a four-year term. Beginning with the 2024 election, 12 councilors are elected via the single transferable vote ranked-choice voting method from four geographic districts (with three council members from each district). The Mayor and City Auditor are elected at-large using the instant runoff ranked-choice voting method. From 1913 to 2024 candidates faced off in a primary election (typically in May of even-numbered years); if no candidate won more than 50% of the vote, the top two finishers faced off in a runoff election (typically the following November.) Three Council seats, including the mayor, were up for election in 2008; the other two seats, and the Auditor position, were up for election in 2010.

From 2006 to 2010, Portland used a publicly financed election system, allowing candidates to qualify for public funding of $145,000 if they could gather 1000 five-dollar contributions by a certain date (for Mayoral candidates, 1500 contributions of $5 were required for a $160,000 grant). Two candidates availed themselves of this system in 2006: incumbent Erik Sten, who won the primary election, and Amanda Fritz, who lost out to incumbent Dan Saltzman but won a seat two years later (utilizing publicly financed election money).[20] The November 2010 elections saw Portlanders rescind their support for this publicly financed election system.[21]

City bureaus and services

[edit]

The city is divided into six service areas, each of which oversees several bureaus and city offices. A seventh group is overseen by the city Administrator[22] as well as the mayor.[23]

City Administrator

[edit]

As of January 1, 2025, the City Administrator is Michael Jordan.[22][24]

Bureaus and offices overseen by the city administrator:

  • Portland Office of Community and Civic Life
  • Portland Office of Equity and Human Rights
  • Portland Office of Government Relations
  • Portland Solutions

Neighborhood Government

[edit]

Portland's neighborhood system, the Portland Office of Community and Civic Life, is made up of 94 recognized neighborhood associations and seven neighborhood district coalition offices located throughout the city. These offices provide support and technical assistance to the volunteer-based neighborhood associations, community groups and individual activists.[25]

Joint Office of Homeless Services

[edit]
Main article: Homelessness in Oregon

In 2016, former Multnomah County chair Deborah Kafoury and former Portland mayor Ted Wheeler created the Joint Office of Homeless Services, which receives funding from both the county and city governments.[26] In September 2020, frustrated by tents downtown, Mayor Wheeler expressed the intent to withdraw the City of Portland from its partnership with county on JOHS.[27] The intergovernmental agreement between the city and county had an expense of $32.5 million to the Portland City Government in 2020.[28] Partially using federal funds from the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, the Joint Office of Homeless Services uses city-owned land to site Safe Rest Villages, which are managed temporary housing that augments the homeless shelter system.[29][30]

As of 2025, JOHS, Safe Rest Villages, as well as other related programs are overseen by Portland Solutions.[22]

Controversy over illegal-camp cleanups

[edit]
A transient encampment on Peninsula Crossing Trail in North Portland

Multiple news outlet reported on the city auditor's 2019 report on the city's handling of illegal campsite clean ups by the Homelessness/Urban Camping Impact Reduction Program.[31][32][33] Since 2015, the City of Portland implemented a streamlined campsite complaint intake. City contractors then removed tents, items and other items and stored them. The database was to prioritize cleanup based on "biohazards, garbage and other factors, such as whether campers are aggressive or openly using drugs". The Oregonian summarized that the auditors found little evidence prioritization was occurring and no clear indication of what criteria were invoked in selecting which camps are to be removed or not removed and auditors documented the city often ignored hundreds of complaints made by residents. The newspaper commented "That non-response doesn’t comport with the crackdown on illegal camping instituted by Mayor Ted Wheeler earlier in his term." The audit conducted in summer and fall of 2018 reported that the city needed to improve communications to illegal campers as well as complainants.[34] The auditor recommends providing complainants with a status update. In 2019, the city announced they intend to do that with a new app that helps people "better record and understand HUCIRP"[35] In January 2023, the city launched a web interface providing some information on reported camps.[36]

Portland Revenue Division

[edit]

The Revenue Division administers tax programs such as the Portland Business License Tax, Multnomah County Business Income Tax, as well as additional local tax programs[37] including the Portland Arts Tax.[38]

City Operations

[edit]

Bureaus and offices overseen by the City Operations service area include:

  • Portland Independent Police Review
  • Community Police Oversight Board

Community & Economic Development

[edit]

Bureaus and offices overseen by the Community & Economic Development service area include:

Portland Housing Bureau

[edit]

The Portland Housing Bureau manages programs aimed at increasing affordable housing.[39]

Public Safety

[edit]

As of January 1, 2025, Mike Myers is the Deputy City Administrator for Public Safety.[22][24]

Bureaus and offices overseen by the Public Safety service area include:

The Portland Police Bureau is the primary policing agency in the city. Formerly, the Police Bureau reported to the mayor, while Portland Fire & Rescue was assigned to a commissioner. The city also has an office of emergency management planning for mitigation of natural and manmade disasters.

Vibrant Communities

[edit]

As of January 1, 2025, Sonia Schmanski, is the Deputy City Administrator for Vibrant Communities.[22][24] On March 31, 2025, it was announced that the Vibrant Communities Service Area would be dissolved with its bureaus and offices moved to the Public Works and Community & Economic Development service areas starting July 1, 2025.[40]

Bureaus and offices overseen by the Vibrant Communities service area include:

Parks and Recreation

[edit]
See also: List of parks in Portland, Oregon
The International Rose Test Garden within Washington Park is one of many parks operated by the City of Portland.

Portland Parks & Recreation manages 11,760 acres of public park lands in the city,[41] including large natural areas like Forest Park and public recreation facilities such as municipal playgrounds, pools, golf courses, and the Portland International Raceway.

Public Works

[edit]

As of January 1, 2025, Priya Dhanapal is the Deputy City Administrator for Public Works.[22][24]

Bureaus and offices overseen by the Public Safety service area include:

Portland Water Bureau manages municipal water services through the city, while the Bureau of Environmental Services (BES) manages sewer and stormwater systems. Waste collection and recycling is managed by the Bureau of Planning and Sustainability, which also runs the Portland Clean Energy Community Benefits Fund investing in renewable energy development.

Transportation

[edit]
See also: Portland Bureau of Transportation and Transportation in Portland, Oregon

Public transit within the city is primarily the responsibility of TriMet, not the city government, but the Portland Streetcar and Portland Aerial Tram are exceptions; both are owned by the city.[42][43] The aerial tram is managed by Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU)[43]

While parking enforcement is typically managed by the police department, it is managed under transportation department (PBOT) in Portland.[44]

Education

[edit]

Portland Public Schools operates more than 81 schools and is one of the largest pre-kindergarten through high school districts in the state.[45] As of 2022, Portland also provides tax-payer funded universal preschool, after voters approved a city measure in 2020.[46]

[edit]

Portland is the county seat of Multnomah County, and the core of Metro, a regional government primarily concerned with land use planning. Both of these government entities have a strong impact on Portland policy.[47][48]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Portland voters approve charter reform, city launches transition | Portland.gov". www.portland.gov. November 9, 2022. Archived from the original on November 9, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  2. ^ "list of bureaus". Archived from the original on August 17, 2007. Retrieved June 28, 2007.
  3. ^ a b MacColl, E. Kimbark (1976). "Chapter 14 – The Fruits of Progressivism, 1913–1915". The Shaping of a City: Business and Politics in Portland, Oregon, 1885 to 1915. Portland, Oregon: The Georgian Press Company. pp. 443–445. ISBN 0-89174-043-0.
  4. ^ McBain, Howard Lee. The Law and the Practice of Municipal Home Rule. pp. 598–599.
  5. ^ "Phase I: Proposed Ballot Measure Regarding the Structure of City Government | Portland.gov". www.portland.gov. Archived from the original on November 9, 2022. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
  6. ^ "Ambitious Charter Reform Measure Appears Poised for Victory, Fundamentally Changing Portland City Hall". Willamette Week. November 9, 2022. Archived from the original on November 9, 2022. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
  7. ^ "Massive change coming to Portland city government". opb. Archived from the original on November 14, 2022. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
  8. ^ "Mayor Ted Wheeler Will Cluster and Reshuffle City Bureaus Come January in Effort to Ease Charter Transition". Willamette Week. November 10, 2022. Archived from the original on November 14, 2022. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
  9. ^ "Portland's new government will include more administrators, better accountability". Opb.org. Archived from the original on January 24, 2025. Retrieved February 27, 2025.
  10. ^ "City Organization". portland.gov. Archived from the original on February 26, 2025. Retrieved February 27, 2025.
  11. ^ "City Leadership Team". Portland.gov. Archived from the original on February 24, 2025. Retrieved February 27, 2025.
  12. ^ a b "Learn about City government". Archived from the original on January 10, 2025. Retrieved January 10, 2025.
  13. ^ Cogswell, Philip. "Mildred Schwab (1917–1999)". The Oregon Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
  14. ^ Learn, Scott (October 15, 2002). "EPA challenges Portland sewer effort". The Oregonian.
  15. ^ Parente, Michele (December 29, 1996). "Urban pioneer Mike Lindberg takes a final bow". The Sunday Oregonian, p. 1.
  16. ^ Griffin, Anna (January 29, 2009). "Mike Lindberg's fight to save Caitlin". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on November 8, 2014. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
  17. ^ Leeson, Fred (May 10, 1994). "Kafoury's youngest opponent is 28, oldest 80". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on September 8, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
  18. ^ Schmidt, Brad (May 23, 2011). "Portland's competitive 2012 mayoral race under way with Charlie Hales' announcement". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on December 10, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
  19. ^ Floum, Jessica (September 12, 2017). "Portland Commissioner Dan Saltzman will not run for re-election, Nick Fish will". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on September 15, 2017. Retrieved January 4, 2019.
  20. ^ Redden, Jim (November 8, 2008). "Fritz wins Portland City Council seat". Portland Tribune. Archived from the original on March 25, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
  21. ^ "Portland voters rejecting Measure 26-108's publicly funded campaign program". The Oregonian. November 2, 2010. Archived from the original on October 13, 2012. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
  22. ^ a b c d e f "City Leadership Team". Portland.gov. Archived from the original on February 24, 2025. Retrieved March 3, 2025.
  23. ^ "Portland's new government will include more administrators, better accountability". Opb.org. Archived from the original on January 24, 2025. Retrieved March 3, 2025.
  24. ^ a b c d "City introduces deputy administrators ahead of Portland government transition". kptv.com. Archived from the original on June 28, 2024.
  25. ^ "My Neighborhood | The City of Portland, Oregon". www.portlandoregon.gov. Archived from the original on July 30, 2020. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
  26. ^ "Kafoury blasts Wheeler over threat to disband homeless services". KOIN.com. September 23, 2020. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
  27. ^ "Frustrated over tents downtown, mayor threatens to pull Portland from housing partnership with county". kgw.com. September 24, 2020. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
  28. ^ Bailey, Everton Jr (September 23, 2020). "Portland mayor threatens to pull city from county-partnered homeless efforts; county chair calls it 'outrageous'". oregonlive. Archived from the original on October 1, 2020. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
  29. ^ "Portland prepares to open two more safe rest villages". opb. Archived from the original on November 13, 2022. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
  30. ^ "Program Overview of Streets to Stability: Safe Rest Villages | Portland.gov". www.portland.gov. Archived from the original on November 14, 2022. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
  31. ^ Powell, Meerah. "Audit Calls For More Organization Of Portland Homeless Camp Clean-Up Program". www.opb.org. Archived from the original on March 21, 2019. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
  32. ^ Gil, Debra. "Audit: Portland needs to improve management of homeless camp cleanups". KPTV.com. Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
  33. ^ "Portland's homeless camp cleanups 'just Band-Aids'". KOIN.com. August 1, 2019. Archived from the original on September 21, 2020. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
  34. ^ Friedman, Gordon; Harbarger, Molly (March 20, 2019). "Portland homeless camps clean-up program needs improving, auditors say". oregonlive. Archived from the original on September 19, 2020. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
  35. ^ Falkers, Brittany (March 20, 2019). "Audit recommends several improvements for homeless camp clean-up program". kgw.com. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved July 27, 2020.
  36. ^ McCarthy, Connor (January 19, 2023). "New dashboard allows Portlanders to see city's response to reported homeless camps". KPTV. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
  37. ^ "Executive Leadership and Management Team". portland.gov. Archived from the original on March 1, 2025. Retrieved March 10, 2025.
  38. ^ "It's that time of the year: Here's how to pay your Portland arts tax". koin.com. Retrieved March 10, 2025.
  39. ^ Guy, Mary Ellen; Ely, Todd L. (December 1, 2018). Essentials of Public Service: An Introduction to Contemporary Public Administration. Melvin & Leigh, Publishers. ISBN 978-0-9992359-0-4. Archived from the original on August 11, 2023. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
  40. ^ "Portland Advances Centralized Organizational Structure to Enhance Efficiency and Collaboration". Portland.gov. 2025.
  41. ^ "Park System by the Numbers | Portland.gov". www.portland.gov. Archived from the original on November 14, 2022. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
  42. ^ "Portland Streetcar Organization". Portland Streetcar Inc. 2008. Archived from the original on July 3, 2010. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
  43. ^ a b "Frequently Asked Questions". OHSU. 2007. Archived from the original on February 7, 2011. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
  44. ^ Willson, Richard W. (June 16, 2015). Parking Management for Smart Growth. Island Press. ISBN 978-1-61091-461-1.
  45. ^ "Portland Public Schools Information / Overview". www.pps.net. Retrieved November 14, 2022.[permanent dead link]
  46. ^ "Preschool for All enrollment opens in Multnomah County". opb. Archived from the original on November 14, 2022. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
  47. ^ "How Other Cities Succeed: Five Ideas to Revitalize New York's Region: Regional Plans; One Government For 3 Counties". The New York Times. 1996. Archived from the original on November 12, 2022. Retrieved November 12, 2022.
  48. ^ Pindus, Nancy; Wial, Howard; Wolman, Harold (January 1, 2011). Urban and Regional Policy and Its Effects. Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 978-0-8157-0439-3. Archived from the original on August 11, 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2022.
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